Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. L2,
De decurionibus et filiis eorum
Liber quinquagesimus
II.

De decurionibus et filiis eorum

(Concerning Decurions and Their Sons.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­cun­do opi­nio­num. De­cu­rio­nes, quos se­di­bus ci­vi­ta­tis, ad quam per­ti­nent, re­lic­tis in alia lo­ca trans­mi­gras­se pro­ba­bi­tur, prae­ses pro­vin­ciae in pa­trium so­lum re­vo­ca­re et mu­ne­ri­bus con­gruen­ti­bus fun­gi cu­ret.

1Ulpianus, Opinions, Book II. It is established that decurions who have left the towns to which they belonged, and gone to other places, can be recalled to their country by the Governor of the province; and he must take care that they are given suitable employments.

2Idem li­bro pri­mo dis­pu­ta­tio­num. Qui ad tem­pus rele­ga­tus est, si de­cu­rio sit, de­si­net es­se de­cu­rio. re­ver­sus pla­ne lo­cum suum qui­dem non op­ti­ne­bit, sed non sem­per pro­hi­be­tur de­cu­rio fie­ri. de­ni­que in lo­cum suum non re­sti­tue­tur (nam et sub­le­gi in lo­cum eius pot­est) et si nu­me­rus or­di­nis ple­nus sit, ex­spec­ta­re eum opor­tet, do­nec alius va­cet. alia cau­sa est eius, qui ad tem­pus or­di­ne re­mo­ve­tur: hic enim im­ple­to tem­po­re de­cu­rio est. sed et in hu­ius lo­cum sub­le­gi pot­erit: sed et si ple­num lo­cum in­ve­ne­rit, ex­spec­tet, do­nec lo­cus va­cet. 1Re­sti­tu­tus ta­men in or­di­nem utrum eum or­di­nem te­n­eat, quem pri­mum ha­buit, an ve­ro quem nunc nanc­tus est, quae­ri pot­est, si for­te de or­di­ne sen­ten­tia­rum di­cen­da­rum aga­tur. ar­bi­tror ta­men eun­dem or­di­nem te­ne­re, quem pri­dem ha­buit. non idem erit in eo, qui rele­ga­tus ad tem­pus est: nam hic vel­ut no­vus in or­di­nem venit. 2In fi­liis de­cu­rio­num quaes­tio est, utrum is so­lus de­cu­rio­nis fi­lius es­se vi­dea­tur, qui con­cep­tus et na­tus est ex de­cu­rio­ne, an ve­ro et is, qui an­te na­tus est, quam pa­ter de­cu­rio fie­ret. et qui­dem quan­tum per­ti­net, ne fus­ti­bus cas­ti­ge­tur et ne in me­tal­lum de­tur, non no­cet ple­be­io pa­tre es­se na­tum, si post­ea ho­nor de­cu­rio­nis pa­tri eo­rum ac­ces­se­rit. in avo quo­que Pa­pi­nia­nus idem re­spon­dit, ne pa­tris no­ta fi­lius ma­cu­la­re­tur. 3Sed si pa­ter ip­sius or­di­ne mo­tus sit, si qui­dem an­te con­cep­tio­nem eius mo­vea­tur, ar­bi­tror eum qua­si ple­bei fi­lium in ho­no­ri­bus spec­ta­ri: quod si post con­cep­tio­nem pa­ter ip­sius dig­ni­ta­tem amis­e­rit, di­cen­dum erit be­ni­gne ut de­cu­rio­nis fi­lium in­tuen­dum. 4Pro­in­de hic quo­que, qui post pa­tris rele­ga­tio­nem na­tus sit, si qui­dem an­te con­cep­tus est, si­mi­lis se­na­to­ris fi­lio ha­be­bi­tur: si post­ea, no­ce­bit il­li rele­ga­tio. 5Si ad tem­pus or­di­ne mo­to pa­tre fue­rit na­tus me­dio­que tem­po­re con­cep­tus et edi­tus, an qua­si de­cu­rio­nis fi­lius nas­ca­tur, li­cet pa­ter eius an­te ob­ie­rit, quam in or­di­nem ve­ne­rit? quod be­ni­gne erit ad­mit­ten­dum. 6Prae­ter­ea si con­cep­tus sit a ple­be­io, mox an­te edi­tio­nem pa­ter eius de­cu­rio­na­tum ad­ep­tus an­te edi­tio­nem amis­e­rit: non in­fa­vo­ra­bi­li­ter quis me­dium tem­pus il­li prod­es­se vel­uti iam na­to re­spon­de­bit. 7Nul­lum pa­tris de­lic­tum in­no­cen­ti fi­lio poe­nae est: id­eo­que nec or­di­ne de­cu­rio­num aut ce­te­ris ho­no­ri­bus prop­ter eius­mo­di cau­sam pro­hi­be­tur. 8Ma­io­res an­nis quin­qua­gin­ta quin­que ad de­cu­rio­na­tus ho­no­rem in­vi­ti vo­ca­ri con­sti­tu­tio­ni­bus pro­hi­ben­tur. sed si ei rei con­sen­se­rint, et­si ma­io­res an­nis sep­tua­gin­ta sint, mu­ne­ra qui­dem ci­vi­lia ob­ire non co­gun­tur, ho­no­res au­tem ge­re­re de­bent.

2The Same, Disputations, Book I. A decurion who is relegated for a certain time ceases to be one. When he returns, he will not obtain his former position, but he will not always be prohibited from becoming a decurion. He will not be restored to his former position, but another can be chosen in his place; and if the number of his order is complete, he must wait until a vacancy occurs. The case is different with one who is temporarily removed from his order, for he becomes a decurion as soon as the time has expired; still, another can be elected in his place. If he finds that it is occupied, he must wait until there is a vacancy. 1But when he has been restored to his order, the question may arise whether he will have the place which he first had, or the one which he has now obtained, if the duty of rendering decisions as a presiding officer is involved. I think he will have the same position which he formerly occupied. The same rule does not apply to one who was relegated for a certain time, for he enters as the last one in order. 2The question arises as to the children of decurions, whether he only is considered to be the son of a decurion who was conceived and born while his father held the office, or whether he also is to be considered a son who was born before his father became a decurion. And, indeed, so far as the latter is concerned, he cannot be whipped with rods, or sentenced to the mines; nor will he be prejudiced because he was born of a plebeian father, if the honor of the decurionate should afterwards be obtained by the latter. Papinianus rendered the same opinion with reference to a grandfather, and held that a son was not affected if his father was branded with infamy. 3Where, however, a father is expelled from the Order of Decurions, and this was done before the conception of the child, I think that the latter should be considered as the son of a plebeian, so far as any honors are concerned. But if the father should lose his rank after the conception of the child, it would be more indulgent to hold that he should be regarded as the son of the decurion. 4Hence, he who was born after the relegation of his father, provided he was conceived before this took place, is considered to resemble the son of a Senator; however, if it occurred afterwards, the relegation will prejudice him. 5Where the child was born while his father was temporarily excluded from his order, and it had been both conceived and brought forth in the meantime; would he be born the son of a decurion, even though his father should die before being restored to his rank? The benevolent construction is that this would be the case. 6Moreover, if a child was conceived by a plebeian, and afterwards, before its birth, the father obtained the office of decurion, but lost it before the child came into the world, it would be more generous to hold that the intermediate time will be an advantage to him, and that he will be considered as having already been born. 7No crime committed by a father can bring punishment upon an innocent child, and therefore a son will not, for this reason, be excluded from the Order of Decurions, or from any other honor. 8Persons over twenty-five years of age are forbidden by the Imperial Constitutions to be called to the decurionate, without their consent; but if they do consent, they should perform the duties of the office, even if they are more than seventy; although in this instance they cannot be compelled to discharge public employments.

3Idem li­bro ter­tio de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Ge­ne­ra­li­ter id erit de­fen­den­dum, ut qui cle­men­tio­rem sen­ten­tiam pas­sus est ob hoc, quod ad tem­pus rele­ga­tur, bo­ni con­su­le­re de­beat hu­ma­ni­ta­tis sen­ten­tiae nec de­cu­rio­na­tum re­ci­piat. 1Sed si quis ob fal­sam cau­sam vel aliam de gra­vio­ri­bus non ad tem­pus sit rele­ga­tus, sed ad tem­pus or­di­ne mo­tus, in ea est cau­sa, ut pos­sit in or­di­nem red­ire. im­pe­ra­tor enim An­to­ni­nus edic­to pro­pos­i­to sta­tuit, ut cui­cum­que aut qua­cum­que cau­sa ad tem­pus or­di­ne vel ad­vo­ca­tio­ni­bus vel quo alio of­fi­cio fuis­set in­ter­dic­tum, com­ple­to tem­po­re ni­hi­lo mi­nus fun­gi ho­no­re vel of­fi­cio pos­sit. et hoc rec­te: ne­que enim exag­ge­ran­da fuit sen­ten­tia, quae mo­dum in­ter­dic­tio­ni fe­ce­rat. 2Spu­rios pos­se in or­di­nem al­le­gi nul­la du­bi­ta­tio est: sed si ha­beat com­pe­ti­to­rem le­gi­ti­me quae­si­tum, prae­fer­ri eum opor­tet, di­vi fra­tres Lol­lia­no Avi­to Bi­thy­niae prae­si­di re­scrip­se­runt. ces­san­ti­bus ve­ro his et­iam spu­rii ad de­cu­rio­na­tum et re et vi­ta ho­nes­ta re­ci­pien­tur: quod uti­que non sor­di erit or­di­ni, cum ex uti­li­ta­te eius sit sem­per or­di­nem ple­num ha­be­re. 3Eis, qui iu­dai­cam su­per­sti­tio­nem se­quun­tur, di­vi Se­ve­rus et An­to­ni­nus ho­no­res ad­ipis­ci per­mi­se­runt, sed et ne­ces­si­ta­tes eis im­po­sue­runt, qui su­per­sti­tio­nem eo­rum non lae­de­rent.

3The Same, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book III. Generally speaking, it should be maintained that where a decurion, having received a lighter sentence than he deserved, has been relegated for a certain time, he should, in accordance with the dictates of humanity, be permitted to retain his property, but he cannot afterwards obtain the office of decurion. 1If, however, a decurion, either on account of some crime involving deceit, or one which is even more serious, has not been relegated for a certain time, but has temporarily been excluded from his order, he is in such a position that he can be reinstated. For the Emperor Antoninus decided by an Edict that when anyone had, for any cause whatsoever, been excluded from his order, or forbidden to be present at its meetings, or to comply with any other of its requirements, for a certain time, after the time had expired, he could still resume the discharge of his official functions or duties. And this is no more than just, for the sentence which merely imposed a certain prohibition should not be increased. 2There is no doubt that illegitimate children can be chosen decurions, but the Divine Brothers stated in a Rescript to Lollianus Avitus, Governor of Bithynia, that if such a son had a competitor who was legitimate, the latter must have the preference. Still, if the legitimate children should neglect to perform their duties, those who are illegitimate ought to be admitted to the office of decurion, after it has been ascertained that their conduct and life are honorable; because, as it is for the public welfare that the Order of Decurions should always be full, ignoble persons should not be admitted to it. 3The Divine Sever us and Antoninus permitted those who adhered to the Jewish superstition to obtain civil honors, but they imposed upon them the requirement not to violate the precepts of their religion.

4Mar­cia­nus li­bro pri­mo de iu­di­ciis pu­bli­cis. De­cu­rio, qui pro­hi­be­tur con­du­ce­re quae­dam, si iu­re suc­ces­se­rit in con­duc­tio­ne, re­ma­net in ea. quod et in om­ni­bus si­mi­li­bus ser­van­dum est.

4Marcianus, On Public Prosecutions, Book I. A decurion is forbidden to lease any property; if, however, he should succeed to a lease by inheritance, he can retain possession of it; and this rule should be observed in all similar cases.

5Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro se­cun­do quaes­tio­num. Ad tem­pus or­di­ne mo­tos ex cri­mi­ne, quod igno­mi­niam im­por­tat, in per­pe­tuum mo­ve­ri pla­cuit. ad tem­pus au­tem ex­ula­re ius­sos ex cri­mi­ne le­vio­re vel­ut trans­ac­to neg­otio non es­se in­ter in­fa­mes ha­ben­dos.

5Papinianus, Questions, Book II. It has been decided that those who temporarily have been removed from the Order of Decurions, for a crime which implies ignominy, are perpetually excluded. Those, however, who have been temporarily exiled for some trifling offence, as, for instance, one which grew out of some business transaction, should not be considered infamous.

6Idem li­bro pri­mo re­spon­so­rum. Spu­rii de­cu­rio­nes fiunt: et id­eo fie­ri pot­erit ex in­ces­to quo­que na­tus: non enim im­pe­dien­da est dig­ni­tas eius qui ni­hil ad­mi­sit. 1Mi­no­res vi­gin­ti quin­que an­no­rum de­cu­rio­nes fac­ti spor­tu­las de­cu­rio­num ac­ci­piunt: sed in­ter­im suf­fra­gium in­ter ce­te­ros fer­re non pos­sunt. 2De­cu­rio et­iam suae ci­vi­ta­tis vec­ti­ga­lia ex­er­ce­re pro­hi­be­tur. 3Qui iu­di­cii pu­bli­ci quaes­tio­nem ci­tra ve­niam ab­oli­tio­nis de­se­rue­runt, de­cu­rio­num ho­no­re de­co­ra­ri non pos­sunt, cum ex Tur­pil­lia­no se­na­tus con­sul­to no­ten­tur igno­mi­nia vel­uti ca­lum­niae cau­sa iu­di­cio pu­bli­co dam­na­ti. 4Pa­ter, qui fi­lio de­cu­rio­ne crea­to pro­vo­ca­vit, et­si prae­scrip­tio­ne tem­po­ris ex­clu­sus fue­rit, si quod ges­tum est non ha­buit ra­tum, mu­ne­ri­bus ci­vi­li­bus pro fi­lio non te­ne­bi­tur. 5Pri­vi­le­giis ces­san­ti­bus ce­te­ris eo­rum cau­sa po­tior ha­be­tur in sen­ten­tiis fe­ren­dis, qui plu­ri­bus eo­dem tem­po­re suf­fra­giis iu­re de­cu­rio­nis de­co­ra­ti sunt. sed et qui plu­res li­be­ros ha­bet, in suo col­le­gio pri­mus sen­ten­tiam ro­ga­tur ce­te­ros­que ho­no­ris or­di­ne prae­cel­lit.

6The Same, Opinions, Book I. Illegitimate children, as well as those sprung from incestuous marriages, can become decurions; for he should not be excluded from office who has committed no crime. 1Minors under the age of twenty-five years, who have been created decurions, receive the salary attached to the office, but they cannot vote with the others. 2A decurion is forbidden to hold the office of farmer of the revenue, even in his own city. 3Those who abandon a public prosecution, without obtaining permission to do so, cannot be decorated with the honor of decurion; for, in accordance with the Turpillian Decree of the Senate, they are branded with infamy as persons who have been convicted of malicious prosecution in a criminal case. 4A son, having been created decurion, his father appealed, and although his appeal was dismissed because it had not been filed within the prescribed time, if the son assumed the office, and the father did not ratify his acts, he would not be liable for his son. 5When other questions relating to privilege are to be decided, those who have obtained the most votes at the same time for the office of decurion shall be entitled to the preference; but he who has the largest number of children shall be first asked for his opinion in the assembly, and precede the others in point of honor.

7Pau­lus li­bro pri­mo sen­ten­tia­rum. Ho­no­res et mu­ne­ra non or­di­na­tio­ne, sed po­tio­ri­bus qui­bus­que in­iun­gen­da sunt. 1Sur­dus et mu­tus si in to­tum non au­diant aut non lo­quan­tur, ab ho­no­ri­bus ci­vi­li­bus, non et­iam a mu­ne­ri­bus ex­cu­san­tur. 2Is, qui non sit de­cu­rio, duum­vi­ra­tu vel aliis ho­no­ri­bus fun­gi non pot­est, quia de­cu­rio­num ho­no­ri­bus ple­be­ii fun­gi pro­hi­ben­tur. 3Ad de­cu­rio­na­tum fi­lii ita de­mum pa­ter non con­sen­tit, si con­tra­riam vo­lun­ta­tem vel apud ac­ta prae­si­dis vel apud ip­sum or­di­nem vel quo alio mo­do con­tes­ta­tus sit.

7Paulus, Opinions, Book I. Honors and offices have no reference to the order of election, but should be conferred upon those who are more worthy. 1A deaf person, who cannot hear at all, and one who is dumb and cannot speak, are excused from municipal offices but not from other public duties. 2He who is not a decurion cannot discharge the functions of a duumvir, or those pertaining to other offices, for the reason that plebeians are forbidden to perform the duties of decurions. 3A father is not considered to have consented to his son being made decurion, if he manifests opposition in the presence of the Governor, or before the Order itself, or in any other way.

8Her­mo­ge­nia­nus li­bro pri­mo iu­ris epi­to­ma­rum. De­cu­rio­ni­bus fa­cul­ta­ti­bus lap­sis ali­men­ta de­cer­ni per­mis­sum est, ma­xi­me si ob mu­ni­fi­cen­tiam in pa­triam pa­tri­mo­nium ex­hau­se­rint.

8Hermogenianus, Epitomes, Book I. It is permitted to furnish provisions to decurions who have lost their property; especially if they have exhausted their patrimony through generosity to their country.

9Pau­lus li­bro pri­mo de­cre­to­rum. Se­ve­rus Au­gus­tus di­xit: ‘et­si pro­ba­re­tur Ti­tius in ser­vi­tu­te pa­tris sui na­tus, ta­men, cum ex li­be­ra mu­lie­re sit pro­crea­tus, non pro­hi­be­tur de­cu­rio fie­ri in sua ci­vi­ta­te’. 1Non es­se du­bi­tan­dum, quin na­vi­cu­la­rii non de­bent de­cu­rio­nes crea­ri.

9Paulus, Decrees, Book I. The Emperor Severus said: “Even if Titius should be proved to have been born to a father who was in slavery, but of a mother who was free, he is not thereby prevented from becoming a decurion in the city of his birth.” 1There is no doubt that sailors cannot become decurions.

10Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro pri­mo re­spon­so­rum. He­ren­nius Mo­des­ti­nus re­spon­dit so­la al­bi pro­scrip­tio­ne mi­ni­me de­cu­rio­nem fac­tum, qui se­cun­dum le­gem de­cu­rio crea­tus non sit.

10Modestinus, Opinions, Book I. Herennius Modestinus gave it as his opinion that a man did not become a decurion merely by an order for the payment of his salary, when he not been legally created.

11Cal­lis­tra­tus li­bro pri­mo co­gni­tio­num. Non tan­tum qui te­ne­rae ae­ta­tis, sed et­iam qui gran­des na­tu sunt de­cu­rio­nes fie­ri pro­hi­ben­tur. il­li qua­si in­ha­bi­les rem pu­bli­cam tue­ri ad tem­pus ex­cu­san­tur, hi ve­ro in per­pe­tuum amo­ven­tur: non alias se­nio­res, ne se­nio­rum ex­cu­sa­tio­ne iu­nio­res one­ren­tur ad om­nia mu­ne­ra pu­bli­ca sus­ci­pien­da so­li re­lic­ti. ne­que enim mi­no­res vi­gin­ti quin­que an­nis de­cu­rio­nes al­le­gi ni­si ex cau­sa pos­sunt, ne­que hi, qui an­num quin­qua­gen­si­mum et quin­tum ex­ces­se­runt. non­num­quam et­iam lon­ga con­sue­tu­do in ea re ob­ser­va­ta re­spi­cien­da erit. quod et­iam cus­to­dien­dum prin­ci­pes nos­tri con­sul­ti de al­le­gen­dis in or­di­ne Ni­com­eden­sium hu­ius ae­ta­tis ho­mi­ni­bus re­scrip­se­runt.

11Callistratus, Judicial Inquiries, Book I. Not only those who are of tender years but also aged persons are forbidden to become decurions. The former are, as it were, unable to protect the interests of the State, and are temporarily excused, but the latter are perpetually excluded; still, persons of advanced age should not be excused except for good reasons, lest those who are younger, through their elders not having been chosen, will be left alone to sustain all the public responsibilities of government; for minors under twenty-five years of age cannot be created decurions unless for some good cause, nor are those eligible who have passed their fifty-fifth year. Sometimes, long-established custom should be considered in this matter; for our Emperors, having been consulted by the people of Nicomedia as to whether persons of that age could be elected to the order, stated in a Rescript that this could be done.

12Idem li­bro sex­to co­gni­tio­num. Eos, qui uten­si­lia neg­otian­tur et ven­dunt, li­cet ab ae­di­li­bus cae­dun­tur, non opor­tet qua­si vi­les per­so­nas neg­le­gi. de­ni­que non sunt pro­hi­bi­ti hu­ius­mo­di ho­mi­nes de­cu­rio­na­tum vel ali­quem ho­no­rem in sua pa­tria pe­te­re: nec enim in­fa­mes sunt. sed ne qui­dem ar­cen­tur ho­no­ri­bus, qui ab ae­di­li­bus fla­gel­lis cae­si sunt, quam­quam iu­re suo ita ae­di­les of­fi­cio is­to fun­gan­tur. in­ho­nes­tum ta­men pu­to es­se hu­ius­mo­di per­so­nas fla­gel­lo­rum ic­ti­bus sub­iec­tas in or­di­nem re­ci­pi, et ma­xi­me in eis ci­vi­ta­ti­bus, quae co­piam vi­ro­rum ho­nes­to­rum ha­beant: nam pau­ci­tas eo­rum, qui mu­ne­ri­bus pu­bli­cis fun­gi de­beant, ne­ces­sa­ria et­iam hos ad dig­ni­ta­tem mu­ni­ci­pa­lem, si fa­cul­ta­tes ha­beant, in­vi­tat.

12The Same, Judicial Inquiries, Book VI. Those who trade in and sell the necessaries of life should not be despised as degraded persons, although they are subject to chastisement by the Ædiles. For men of this kind are not prohibited from seeking the office of decurion, or any other honor in their own country, as they are not infamous; and they are not excluded from public employments, even after they have been scourged by the Ædiles, who are only discharging their lawful duty in doing so. I do not, however, think that it is honorable to receive persons of this kind, who have been subjected to blows with a scourge, into the order; and especially in towns which contain a number of honest men, but the scarcity of those who should discharge the duties of a public office necessarily calls such persons to municipal honors, if they possess the requisite qualifications.

13Pa­pi­rius Ius­tus li­bro se­cun­do de con­sti­tu­tio­ni­bus. Im­pe­ra­to­res An­to­ni­nus et Ve­rus Au­gus­ti re­scrip­se­runt in tem­pus rele­ga­tos et re­ver­sos in or­di­nem al­le­gi si­ne per­mis­su prin­ci­pis non pos­se. 1Item re­scrip­se­runt rele­ga­tos non pos­se tem­po­re fi­ni­to in or­di­nem de­cu­rio­num al­le­gi, ni­si eius ae­ta­tis fue­rint, ut non­dum de­cu­rio­nes crea­ri pos­sent, et dig­ni­tas cer­ta spem eius ho­no­ris id fa­ce­ret, ut prin­ceps in­dul­ge­re pos­sit. 2Item re­scrip­se­runt eum, qui in rele­ga­tio­ne na­tus est, non pro­hi­be­ri ho­no­re de­cu­rio­na­tus fun­gi. 3Item re­scrip­se­runt non ad­mit­ti con­tra­di­ce­re vo­len­tem, quod non rec­te quis sit crea­tus de­cu­rio, cum in­itio con­tra­di­ce­re de­bue­rit.

13Papirius Justus, On the Constitutions, Book II. The Emperors Antoninus and Verus stated in a Rescript that persons who have been relegated for a time, and have returned, can not be reinstated in the Order of Decurions without the consent of the Emperor. 1They also stated in a Rescript that those who had been relegated after their time had expired could not be restored to their rank as decurions, unless they were of such an age that they could be created decurions, and their position afforded them the hope of obtaining the honor, or gave them the assurance that the Emperor would show them special indulgence. 2They also stated in a Rescript that a son who was born during relegation is not prohibited from discharging the duties of a decurion. 3They also stated in a Rescript that anyone who had consented to the appointment of another as decurion should not afterwards oppose the appointment on the ground that the party was not legally created a decurion, as he ought to have objected in the beginning.

14Pau­lus li­bro pri­mo quaes­tio­num. De de­cu­rio­ne dam­na­to non de­be­re quaes­tio­nem ha­be­ri di­vus Pius re­scrip­sit. un­de et­iam si de­sie­rit de­cu­rio es­se, de­in­de dam­ne­tur, non es­se tor­quen­dum in me­mo­riam prio­ris dig­ni­ta­tis pla­cet.

14Paulus, Questions, Book I. The Divine Pius stated in a Rescript that a decurion who had been convicted should not be subjected to torture. Wherefore, when anyone ceases to be a decurion, and afterwards is convicted, it is decided that he must not be tortured, on account of the memory of his former dignity.