Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XXIII1,
De sponsalibus
Liber vicesimus tertius
I.

De sponsalibus

(Concerning Betrothals.)

1Flo­ren­ti­nus li­bro ter­tio in­sti­tu­tio­num. Spon­sa­lia sunt men­tio et re­pro­mis­sio nup­tia­rum fu­tu­ra­rum.

1Florentinus, Institutes, Book III. A betrothal is the mention and promise of a marriage to be celebrated hereafter.

2Ul­pia­nus li­bro sin­gu­la­ri de spon­sa­li­bus. Spon­sa­lia au­tem dic­ta sunt a spon­den­do: nam mo­ris fuit ve­te­ri­bus sti­pu­la­ri et spon­de­re si­bi uxo­res fu­tu­ras,

2Ulpianus, On Betrothals. “Betrothal” is derived from the word “promise,” for it is customary among the ancients to stipulate and promise wives to one another.

3Flo­ren­ti­nus li­bro ter­tio in­sti­tu­tio­num. un­de et spon­si spon­sae­que ap­pel­la­tio na­ta est.

3Florentinus, Institutes, Book III. From this source the term betrothed, applicable to both sexes, is derived.

4Ul­pia­nus li­bro tri­ge­si­mo quin­to ad Sa­binum. Suf­fi­cit nu­dus con­sen­sus ad con­sti­tuen­da spon­sa­lia. 1De­ni­que con­stat et ab­sen­ti ab­sen­tem de­spon­de­ri pos­se, et hoc cot­ti­die fie­ri:

4Ulpianus, On Sabinus, Book XXXV. Mere consent is sufficient to contract a betrothal. 1It is settled that parties who are absent can be betrothed, and this takes place every day.

5Pom­po­nius li­bro sex­to de­ci­mo ad Sa­binum. haec ita, si scien­ti­bus his qui ab­sint spon­sa­lia fiant aut si post­ea ra­tum ha­bue­rint.

5Pomponius, On Sabinus, Book XVI. Provided that the absent parties are aware of the betrothal, or that they subsequently ratify it.

6Ul­pia­nus li­bro tri­ge­si­mo sex­to ad Sa­binum. Si puel­lae tu­to­res ad fi­nien­da spon­sa­lia nun­tium mi­se­runt, non pu­ta­rem suf­fec­tu­rum ad dis­sol­ven­dam nup­tia­rum spem hunc nun­tium, non ma­gis quam spon­sa­lia pos­se eos so­los con­sti­tue­re, ni­si for­te om­nia is­ta ex vo­lun­ta­te puel­lae fac­ta sint.

6Ulpianus, On Sabinus, Book XXXVI. If the guardians of a girl send a notice of the termination of a betrothal, I do not think that this will be sufficient to destroy the expectation of marriage, any more than it would be sufficient, of itself, to establish it; unless all this is done with the consent of the girl.

7Pau­lus li­bro tri­ge­si­mo quin­to ad edic­tum. In spon­sa­li­bus ni­hil in­ter­est, utrum tes­ta­tio in­ter­po­na­tur an ali­quis si­ne scrip­tu­ra spon­deat. 1In spon­sa­li­bus et­iam con­sen­sus eo­rum ex­igen­dus est, quo­rum in nup­tiis de­si­de­ra­tur. in­tel­le­gi ta­men sem­per fi­liae pa­trem con­sen­ti­re, ni­si evi­den­ter dis­sen­tiat, Iu­lia­nus scri­bit.

7Paulus, On the Edict, Book XXXV. In case of a betrothal, it makes no difference whether witnesses are present, or whether the party makes a verbal promise. 1In betrothals, the acquiescence of those persons who must consent to the marriage is required. Julianus says that the father is always understood to consent, unless it is clear that he refuses to do so.

8Gaius li­bro un­de­ci­mo ad edic­tum pro­vin­cia­le. Fu­ror quin spon­sa­li­bus im­pe­d­imen­to sit, plus quam ma­ni­fes­tum est: sed post­ea in­ter­ve­niens spon­sa­lia non in­fir­mat.

8Gaius, On the Provincial Edict, Book XI. It is perfectly evident that insanity is an impediment to betrothal, but if it occurs afterwards, it will not annul it.

9Ul­pia­nus li­bro tri­ge­si­mo quin­to ad edic­tum. Quae­si­tum est apud Iu­lia­num, an spon­sa­lia sint, an­te duo­de­ci­mum an­num si fue­rint nup­tiae col­la­tae. et sem­per La­beo­nis sen­ten­tiam pro­ba­vi ex­is­ti­man­tis, si qui­dem prae­ces­se­rint spon­sa­lia, du­ra­re ea, quam­vis in do­mo lo­co nup­tae es­se coe­pe­rit: si ve­ro non prae­ces­se­rint, hoc ip­so quod in do­mum de­duc­ta est non vi­de­ri spon­sa­lia fac­ta. quam sen­ten­tiam Pa­pi­nia­nus quo­que pro­bat.

9Ad Dig. 23,1,9Windscheid: Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, 7. Aufl. 1891, Bd. I, § 82, Note 14.Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XXXV. Inquiry is made by Julianus whether a marriage contracted before the twelfth year takes the place of a betrothal. I have always approved the opinion of Labeo, who held that if a betrothal had preceded a marriage, it would still continue to exist, even after the girl had begun to live with her husband; but if it had not been contracted previously, and the girl had been brought to the house of her husband, the betrothal could not be considered to have been made. Papinianus also concurs in this opinion.

10Idem li­bro ter­tio dis­pu­ta­tio­num. In po­tes­ta­te ma­nen­te fi­lia pa­ter spon­so nun­tium re­mit­te­re pot­est et spon­sa­lia dis­sol­ve­re. enim­ve­ro si em­an­ci­pa­ta est, non pot­est ne­que nun­tium re­mit­te­re ne­que quae do­tis cau­sa da­ta sunt con­di­ce­re: ip­sa enim fi­lia nu­ben­do ef­fi­ciet do­tem es­se con­dic­tio­nem­que ex­tin­guet, quae cau­sa non se­cu­ta nas­ci pot­erit. ni­si for­te quis pro­po­nat ita do­tem pa­trem pro em­an­ci­pa­ta fi­lia de­dis­se, ut, si nup­tiis non con­sen­ti­ret, vel con­trac­tis vel non con­trac­tis re­pe­te­ret quae de­de­rat: tunc enim ha­be­bit re­pe­ti­tio­nem.

10The Same, Disputations, Book III. Where a daughter is under the control of her father, he can send a notice to her affianced, annulling the betrothal; but if she has been emancipated, he can neither do this, nor bring an action for property given by way of dowry, because the daughter herself, by marriage, constitutes the dowry, and extinguishes the right to recover the same which results from the fact that the marriage has not been consummated; unless it may suggest that the father gave the dowry in behalf of his emancipated daughter, under the condition that if he should not consent to the marriage, and, indeed, whether the marriage was contracted or not, he could recover what he gave; he will then be entitled to a personal action for its recovery.

11Iu­lia­nus li­bro sex­to de­ci­mo di­ges­to­rum. Spon­sa­lia sic­ut nup­tiae con­sen­su con­tra­hen­tium fiunt: et id­eo sic­ut nup­tiis, ita spon­sa­li­bus fi­liam fa­mi­lias con­sen­ti­re opor­tet:

11Julianus, Digest, Book XVI. A betrothal, like a marriage, is. made with the consent of the contracting parties, and therefore, as in the case of marriage, a son under paternal control must agree to it.

12Ul­pia­nus li­bro sin­gu­la­ri de spon­sa­li­bus. sed quae pa­tris vo­lun­ta­ti non re­pug­nat, con­sen­ti­re in­tel­le­gi­tur. 1Tunc au­tem so­lum dis­sen­tien­di a pa­tre li­cen­tia fi­liae con­ce­di­tur, si in­dig­num mo­ri­bus vel tur­pem spon­sum ei pa­ter eli­gat.

12Ulpianus, On Betrothals. A girl who evidently does not resist the will of her father is understood to give her consent. 1A daughter is only permitted to refuse to consent to her father’s wishes, where he selects someone for her husband who is unworthy on account of his habits or who is of infamous character.

13Pau­lus li­bro quin­to ad edic­tum. Fi­lio fa­mi­lias dis­sen­tien­te spon­sa­lia no­mi­ne eius fie­ri non pos­sunt.

13Paulus, On the Edict, Book V. Where a son under paternal control refuses his consent, a betrothal cannot take place, so far as he is concerned.

14Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro quar­to dif­fe­ren­tia­rum. In spon­sa­li­bus con­tra­hen­dis ae­tas con­tra­hen­tium de­fi­ni­ta non est ut in ma­tri­mo­niis. qua­prop­ter et a prim­or­dio ae­ta­tis spon­sa­lia ef­fi­ci pos­sunt, si mo­do id fie­ri ab utra­que per­so­na in­tel­le­ga­tur, id est, si non sint mi­no­res quam sep­tem an­nis.

14Modestinus, Differences, Book IV. In contracting a betrothal, there is no limit to the age of the parties, as is the case in marriage. Wherefore, a betrothal can be made at a very early age, provided what is being done is understood by both persons, that is to say, where they are not under seven years of age.

15Idem li­bro sin­gu­la­ri de enu­clea­tis ca­si­bus. Tu­tor fac­tam pu­pil­lam suam nec ip­se uxo­rem du­ce­re nec fi­lio suo in ma­tri­mo­nio ad­iun­ge­re pot­est. scias ta­men, quod de nup­tiis trac­ta­mus, et ad spon­sa­lia per­ti­ne­re.

15The Same, Selected Cases. A guardian cannot himself marry his own ward, nor can he unite her in marriage with his son. It must be noted, however, that although we are treating of marriage, this rule also applies to betrothals.

16Ul­pia­nus li­bro ter­tio ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Ora­tio im­pe­ra­to­rum An­to­ni­ni et Com­mo­di, quae quas­dam nup­tias in per­so­nam se­na­to­rum in­hi­buit, de spon­sa­li­bus ni­hil lo­cu­ta est. rec­te ta­men di­ci­tur et­iam spon­sa­lia in his ca­si­bus ip­so iu­re nul­lius es­se mo­men­ti, ut sup­plea­tur quod ora­tio­ni de­est.

16Ulpianus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book III. A Rescript of the Emperors Antoninus and Commodus which forbade Senators to marry certain persons, did not mention anything with reference to betrothals; still, it is properly held that betrothals made under such conditions are void by operation of law; in order to supply what is lacking in the Rescript.

17Gaius li­bro pri­mo ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Sae­pe ius­tae ac ne­ces­sa­riae cau­sae non so­lum an­num vel bi­en­nium, sed et­iam tri­en­nium et qua­dri­en­nium et ul­te­rius tra­hunt spon­sa­lia, vel­uti va­le­tu­do spon­si spon­sae­ve vel mor­tes pa­ren­tium aut ca­pi­ta­lia cri­mi­na aut lon­gio­res per­egri­na­tio­nes quae ex ne­ces­si­ta­te fiunt.

17Gaius, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book I. Just and necessary reasons often exist for protracting a betrothal, for one, two, three, or four years, and even for a longer time; as, for instance, the illness of either of the parties, the death of their parents, accusations of capital crimes, or long journeys made through necessity.

18Ul­pia­nus li­bro sex­to ad edic­tum. In spon­sa­li­bus con­sti­tuen­dis par­vi re­fert, per se (et co­ram an per in­ter­nun­tium vel per epis­tu­lam) an per alium hoc fac­tum est: et fe­re ple­rum­que con­di­cio­nes in­ter­po­si­tis per­so­nis ex­pe­diun­tur.

18Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book VI. It makes little difference, in the contracting of betrothals, whether this is done by the parties in the presence of one another, or by means of an intermediary, or in writing, or in some other way; and very frequently the conditions of marriages are settled by the agency of others than those chiefly interested.