De gradibus et adfinibus et nominibus eorum
(Concerning the Degrees of Relationship and Affinity and Their Different Names.)
1Gaius, On the Provincial Edict, Book VIII. The degrees of relationship are, some of them, in the ascending, and some of them in the descending line, or in the collateral line. Those in the direct ascending line are parents; those in the direct descending line are children; those in the collateral line are brothers and sisters and their children. 1Relationship in the direct ascending and descending lines begins with the first degree, but in the collateral line there is no first degree, and therefore it begins with the second. Hence cognates in the first degree of the direct ascending and descending lines can share equally with one another; but no one can do this in the collateral line in this degree, but in the second and third degrees, and in those which follow, the collateral heirs can share with one another, and sometimes even with those of a higher degree. 2We should, however, remember, whenever we consider the questions relating to inheritance or to the prætorian possession of an estate, that those who belong to the same degree do not always share equally with one another. 3Heirs who are first in the ascending line are the father and the mother; those first in the descending line are the son and the daughter. 4Those first in the second degree of the direct ascending line are the grandfather and the grandmother; those first in the direct descending line are the grandson and the grandfather; those first in the collateral line are the brother and the sister. 5Those first in the third degree in the direct ascending line are the great-grandfather and the great-grandmother; those first in the descending line are the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter; those first in the collateral line are the son and the daughter of the brother and the sister, and, next in order, the paternal uncle and the paternal aunt, the maternal uncle and the maternal aunt. 6In the fourth degree of the direct ascending line are the great-great-grandfather and the great-great-grandmother, in the direct descending line the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter; in the collateral line the grandson and the granddaughter of the brother and the sister, and, in their order, the great-paternal uncle and the great paternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the grandfather; the great maternal uncle and the great maternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the grandmother; likewise, the brothers and sisters of the great maternal uncle, that is to say, children both male and female descended from two brothers; also the children both male and female, born of two sisters; and children of both sexes, the issue of a brother and a sister. All of these are known under the common appellation of first cousins. 7In the fifth degree of the direct ascending line are the great-great-great-grandfather and the great-great-great-grandmother; in the direct descending line the great-great-great-grandson and the great-great-great-granddaughter; in the collateral line the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the brother and the sister; and, in the same order, the great-great paternal uncle and the great-great paternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the great-grandfather, and the great-great-maternal uncle and the great-great-maternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the great-grandmother; also the son and daughter of male cousins, and the son and daughter of female cousins, likewise other male and female cousins and the sons and daughters of the latter on both sides, and those of both sexes and are next to cousins in degree; these being the sons and daughters of the great paternal uncle and the great paternal aunt and the great maternal uncle and the great maternal aunt:
2Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XLVI. That is to say the male and female cousins of the father of him whose relationship is in question, or the children of a father’s brother.
3Gaius, On the Provincial Edict, Book VIII. In the sixth degree, in the direct ascending line, are the great-great-great-great-grandfather and the great-great-great-great-grandmother. In the direct descending line are the great-great-great-great-grandson and the great-great-great-great-granddaughter; and in the collateral line, the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the brother and sister; and in their order, the great-great-paternal uncle and the great-great-paternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the great-great-grandfather; and the great-great-maternal uncle and great-great-maternal aunt, that is to say, the brother and sister of the great-great-grandmother. Likewise, the grandson and the granddaughter of the great paternal uncle, and the great paternal aunt, and of the great maternal uncle and the great maternal aunt. Also, the grandson and the granddaughter of first cousins of both sexes, and the son and the daughter of the great-paternal uncle and the great-paternal aunt, and of the great-maternal uncle and the great maternal aunt; as well as the children of cousins on both sides who are properly called the issue of first cousins. 1It is sufficiently apparent, from what we have said, how many persons there can be in the seventh degree. 2We must also remember that the relatives in the ascending and descending lines must always be doubled; because we understand that there is a grandfather and a grandmother on the maternal as well as the paternal side, as well as grandchildren of both sexes, the children of sons as well as daughters; and this order must be followed in all degrees both ascending and descending.
4Modestinus, Pandects, Book XII. So far as our law is concerned, it is not easy to go beyond the seventh degree, when a question arises with reference to natural relationship, as nature hardly permits the existence of cognates to extend beyond that degree. 1The term “cognates” is thought to be derived from the fact that relatives are descended from one ancestor, or have a common origin or birth. 2Relationship among the Romans is understood to be two fold, for some connections are derived from the Civil and others from Natural Law, and sometimes both coincide, so that the relationship by the Natural and the Civil Law is united. And, indeed, a natural connection can be understood to exist without the civil one, and this applies to a woman who has illegitimate children. Civil relationship, however, which is said to be legal, arises through adoption without Natural Law. Relationship exists under both laws when a union is made by marriage lawfully contracted. Natural relationship is designated by the term cognation; but civil relationship, although it may very properly be designated by the same name, is more accurately styled agnation, which has reference to relationship derived through males. 3As certain special rights exist with reference to persons connected by affinity, it is not foreign to the subject to briefly discuss this connection. Persons related by affinity are the cognates of husband and wife, so called for the reason that two relationships, differing from one another, are joined by marriage, and one is transferred to the other. For affinity is derived from marriage. 4The following are the terms of affinity, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, stepfather, stepmother, stepson, and stepdaughter. 5There are no degrees of affinity. 6The father of the husband or the wife, is called the father-in-law, and the mother of either of them is called the mother-in-law. Among the Greeks the father of the husband was called hekuros and the mother hekura, the father of the wife was called penveros and the mother penvera. The wife of the son is called the daughter-in-law, the husband of a daughter the son-in-law. A second wife is called the stepmother of children born of a former one; the husband of a mother having children by a former husband is called the stepfather, and children born of either of them are designated stepsons, and stepdaughters; a father-in-law may also be denned as the father of my wife, and I am his son-in-law. The grandfather of my wife is called my grandfather-in-law, and I am his grandson-in-law; on the other hand, my father is the father-in-law of my wife, and she is his daughter-in-law, and my grandfather is her grandfather-in-law, and she is his granddaughter-in-law; likewise, the grandmother of my wife is my grandmother-in-law, and I am her grandson-in-law; and my mother is the mother-in-law of my wife, and she is her daughter-in-law; and my grandmother is her grandmother-in-law, and my wife is her granddaughter-in-law. The stepson of my wife is the son of her former husband, and I am his stepfather; on the other hand, my wife is said to be the stepmother of children whom I have by a former wife, and my children are her stepchildren. The brother of a husband is the brother-in-law of his wife, and is called by the Greeks dayr, as is stated by Homer. The sister of the husband is a sister-in-law of the wife called by the Greeks galos. The wives of two brothers are called sisters-in-law, designated among the Greeks as einateres, which Homer also mentions. 7It is wrong for such persons to contract marriage reciprocally for the reason that, on account of their affinity, they bear the relation of parents and children to one another. 8It must be remembered that neither cognation nor affinity can exist unless the marriage which gives rise to affinity is not forbidden by law. 9Freedmen and freedwomen can become connected with one another by affinity. 10A child given in adoption, or emancipated, retains all the relationship by cognation and affinity which he formerly possessed, but he loses the rights of agnation. But with reference to the family into which he came by adoption, no one is his cognate except his adoptive father, and those to whom he becomes the agnate. No one belonging to the adoptive family is related to him by affinity. 11Anyone who has been interdicted from fire and water, or has lost his civil rights in any way, so as to have forfeited his freedom and his citizenship, also loses all his connections of cognation and affinity which he previously had.
5Paulus, On Plautius, Book VI. If I emancipate my natural son and adopt another, they will not be brothers. Arrianus says that if, after the death of my son, I adopt Titius, he will be considered the brother of the deceased.
6Ulpianus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book V. Labeo says that the wife of my grandson, the son of my daughter, is my granddaughter. 1Persons who are betrothed are included in the terms son-in-law and daughter-in-law, likewise the parents of such persons are considered to be included in the terms father-in-law and mother-in-law.
8Pomponius, Enchiridion, Book I. Servius very properly says that the terms father-in-law and mother-in-law, son-in-law and daughter-in-law, are also derived from betrothal.
9Paulus, Sentences, Book IV. The direct line of relationship is divided into two parts, one of which is the ascending and the other the descending. Collateral lines are also derived from the ascending line as well as from the second degree. We have explained more fully in a special Book everything which has reference to all these.
10The Same, On Degrees and Affinities and Their Different Names. A person learned in the law should be familiar with the degrees of relationship and affinity, because, by the laws, it is customary for estates and guardianships to pass to the next of kin. The Prætor, however, by his Edict, grants the possession of an estate to the nearest cognate. Moreover, under a law relating to criminal trials, we cannot be compelled, against our will, to give testimony against persons connected with us by affinity, and cognates. 1The term cognation appears to be derived from a Greek word, for the Greeks designated as suggneis, persons whom we call cognates. 2Those are cognates whom the Law of the Twelve Tables styles agnates, but the latter are really such from the same family through the father. Those to whom we are related through women, are only designated cognates. 3The next of kin among agnates are called “proper.” 4The same difference exists between agnates and cognates as exists between genus and species. An agnate is also a cognate, but a cognate is not an agnate; for one of these is a civil, and the other a natural designation. 5We make use of this term, that is to say, cognates, even with reference to slaves. Therefore, we speak of the parents, the children, and the brothers of slaves; but cognation is not recognized by servile laws. 6The origin of cognation is derived from women alone, for he is a brother who was only born of the same mother; but where persons have the same father, but different mothers, they are agnates. 7Ascendants, as far as the great-great-great-great-grandfather, are indicated among the Romans by special names, relatives beyond that degree, who have no particular designation are called ancestors. Likewise, children as far back as the great-great-great-great-grandson have special names, and those who are beyond this degree are styled posterity. 8There are also cognates in the collateral degree, as brothers and sisters and their descendants, as well as paternal and maternal aunts. 9Whenever a question arises as to the degree of relationship existing between one person and another, we must begin with him whose relationship is in question; and if it is in the superior or inferior degree in the direct ascending or descending line, we can easily ascertain the relationship by following the line up or down, if we enumerate each one who is next of kin through the different degrees. For anyone who is the next of kin to a person who is in the next degree to me is in the second degree to me; and, in like manner, the number increases with each additional person. The same course should be taken with reference to the degrees in the collateral line. Hence, a brother is in the second degree, as the father and mother from whom his relationship is derived is counted first. 10Degrees are so called from their resemblance to ladders, or places which are sloping, so that we ascend by passing from one to the next, that is, we proceed to one who, as it were, originates from another. 11Now let us consider each degree separately. 12In the first degree of relationship, in the ascending line, are two persons, the father and the mother; in the direct descending line there are also two, the son and the daughter, who may be several in number. 13Ad Dig. 38,10,10,13Windscheid: Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts, 7. Aufl. 1891, Bd. I, § 156, Note 1.In the second degree, twelve persons are included, namely, the grandfather, that is to say the father of the father and the mother, and the grandmother, both paternal and maternal. The brother is also understood to belong to one or the other of the parents, either only to the mother, or to the father, or to both. This does not increase the number, however, because there is no difference between him who has the same parents, and him who has only the same father, except that the former has the same paternal and maternal cognates. Therefore, the result, so far as those who are born of different parents are concerned, is that the brother of my brother may not be my cognate. For suppose that I have a brother only by the same father, and he has one by the same mother, the two are brothers, but the other is not my cognate. The relation of sister is computed in the same way as that of a brother. The relation of grandson is also understood in two ways, for he is the son of a son, or the son of a daughter. 14Thirty-two persons are included in the third degree. The term great-grandfather is understood in four different ways, for he is the father of the paternal grandfather or the maternal grandfather, or of the paternal grandmother or of the maternal grandmother; the term great-grandmother also includes four different persons, for she is the mother of either the maternal grandfather or the paternal grandmother, or the mother of the maternal grandfather or of the maternal grandmother. The term paternal uncle (that is to say, the brother of the father) is also to be understood in a double sense; that is, whether he had the same father or the same mother. My paternal grandmother married your father, and gave birth to you; or your paternal grandmother married my father, and gave birth to me; I am, therefore, your paternal uncle, and you are mine. This happens where two women marry the son of one another, for the male children who are born of them are the paternal uncle of one another, and the female children are the maternal aunts of one another. If a man gives his son in marriage to a woman whose daughter he himself has married, the male children born to the father of the young man will call those born to the mother of the girl their nephews, and the latter will call the others their paternal uncles, and their paternal aunts. A maternal uncle is a brother of the mother, and the same can be said of her which we have stated with reference to the paternal uncle; for if two men should marry each other’s daughters, the males born to them will be reciprocally maternal uncles, and the females will be reciprocally maternal aunts. And, under the same rule, if males are born by one marriage and females by another, the males will be the maternal uncles of the females, and the females will be the maternal aunts of the males. The paternal aunt is the sister of the father, and what has been above mentioned will apply to her. The maternal aunt is a sister of the mother, and likewise what has been previously stated will apply to her. It must be remembered that, while the brothers and sisters of the father and the mother are called paternal uncles and aunts, and maternal uncles and aunts, the sons and daughters of brothers and sisters have no special name to designate their relationship, but they are merely referred to as the sons and daughters of brothers and sisters. It will hereafter be shown that this is also the case with their descendants. The terms great-grandson and great-granddaughter are also understood in four different ways, for they are either descended from a grandson by his son, or from a grandson by his daughter; or from a granddaughter by her son, or from a granddaughter by her daughter. 15Eighty persons are included in the fourth degree. Great-great-grandfather is a term which extends to eight persons, for he is either the father of the paternal great-grandfather, or of the maternal great-grandfather, whom we have stated should each be understood in a double sense; or he is the father of the paternal great-grandmother, or of the maternal great-grandmother, each of which names we also understand to be of twofold signification. The term great-great-grandmother also includes eight persons, for she is the mother of the paternal great-grandfather, or the maternal great-grandfather; or the mother of the paternal great-grandmother, or of the maternal great-grandmother. The paternal great-uncle is the brother of the grandfather, and he can be understood to be both grandfather and brother in two ways, hence this term includes four persons; as he may be the brother of the paternal or the maternal grandfather, that is to say, he may be descended from the same father, namely, the great-grandfather, or only from the same mother, namely, the great-grandmother. Moreover, he who is my great uncle is the uncle of my father or mother. My paternal great-aunt is the sister of my grandfather, and the term grandfather, as well as that of sister (as we stated above) is interpreted in two different ways, and therefore, in this instance, we understand the term great-aunt to refer to four different persons. In like manner, she who is the paternal aunt of my father or my mother will be my paternal great-aunt. The maternal great-uncle is the brother of the grandmother, and under the same rule, there are four persons embraced in this appellation, and my maternal great-uncle is the maternal uncle of my father or my mother. The maternal great-aunt is the sister of the grandmother, and, in accordance with the same rule, this term is to be understood in four different ways; for she who is the maternal aunt of my father or my mother is my maternal great-aunt. There are also in this degree the children of brothers and sisters or first cousins of both sexes. They are children born to brothers or sisters, and whom certain authorities distinguish as follows: those who are born to brothers being designated paternal first cousins, and those born to a brother or a sister are called amitini and amitinse, and children of either sex born of two sisters are called cousins on account of their descent. According to Trebatius, many authorities call all of these children cousins. Sixteen different persons are included in this appellation; namely, the son and the daughter of a paternal uncle are designated in a twofold manner, as is stated above; for the brother of my father may, with him, be descended only from a common father, or a common mother. The son and daughter of a paternal aunt, and the son and daughter of a maternal uncle, is the son and daughter of a maternal uncle, and the son and daughter of a maternal aunt, as well as the terms paternal aunt, maternal uncle, and maternal aunt are to be understood as having double signification in accordance with this rule. The grandson and granddaughter of a brother and sister also belong to this degree. But as the terms brother, sister, grandson, and granddaughter are to be understood in a double sense, sixteen persons are included herein; namely,
| fratris eodem patre nati nepos ex filiothe grandson born to the son and the grandson born to the daughter of a brother, by the same father | nepos ex filia |
| fratris eadem matre, alio patre nati nepos ex filiothe grandson born to the son and the grandson born to the daughter of the brother by the same mother, but by another father | nepos ex filia |
| fratris eodem patre nati neptis ex filiothe granddaughter born to a son and the granddaughter born to a daughter of a brother by the same father | neptis ex filia |
| fratris alio patre eadem matre nati neptis ex filiothe granddaughter born to a son, or a daughter of a brother by the same mother, but by a different father | neptis ex filia |
Under this rule there are eight persons and another eight will be added if we count the grandsons and the granddaughters born to the sister. Moreover, the grandson and the granddaughter of my brother and sister call me their great-uncle. The grandchildren of my brothers and sisters and my own call each other cousins. A great-great-grandson and a great-great-granddaughter are the son and the daughter of a great-grandson or a great-granddaughter; the grandson or the granddaughter of a grandson or a granddaughter, the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the grandson of a son or a daughter; it being understood that the grandson is such for the reason that he is the son of my own son or my daughter, and my granddaughter is such because she is the daughter of my son, or my daughter; so that we descend by a degree to each person as follows:
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter |
In calculating the descent from the daughter the same persons are enumerated, and in this way they make sixteen. 16A hundred and eighty-four persons are included in the fifth degree, as follows, the great-great-great-grandfather, and the great-great-great-grandmother. The great-great-great-grandfather is the father of the great-great-grandfather, or the great-great-grandmother; the grandfather of the great-grandfather or the great-grandmother; the great-great-grandfather of the father or the mother. This appellation includes sixteen persons, the enumeration being made by males as well as females, in order that we may reach each one thus designated; namely,
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proaviathe great-grandmother | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather |
The enumeration is made in like manner on the mother’s side. The term great-great-great-grandmother, according to the same rule, includes the same number of persons, that is to say sixteen. The great-great-paternal uncle is the brother of the great-grandfather, or the great paternal uncle of the father or mother. Under this name eight persons enumerated as follows are included,
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | frater proavithe brother of the great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | frater proavithe brother of the great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | frater proavithe brother of the great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abaviathe great-great-grandmother | frater proavithe brother of the great-grandfather |
There are the same number of persons in making the calculation from the mother to her great-grandfather. However, before mentioning the brother of the great-grandfather, we place before him the great-great-grandfather for the reason (as we stated above) that we cannot reach him whose relationship is in question, unless we pass through those from whom he has descended, the maternal great-great-uncle, that is the brother of the great-grandmother, maternal great-uncle of the father or mother. By the same method of calculation, we also, in this instance, compute eight persons except that, only with this change, the brother of the great-grandmother is introduced. The paternal great-great-aunt is the sister of the great-grandfather and the great-aunt of the father or mother. In this case the same enumerations of persons are made as before, except that the sister of the great-grandfather is introduced last. The maternal great-great-aunt is the sister of the great-grandmother, and the maternal great-aunt of the father or mother. In this instance, the number of persons is the same, except that the sister of the great-grandmother is placed last. Certain authorities designate all those whom we have mentioned as descended from the paternal great-uncle as follows, paternal uncle, maternal uncle, paternal aunt, maternal aunt; those whom I designate as such call me the great-grandson of their brother or sister. In this degree are also included the son and daughter of the paternal great-uncle, who are the son and daughter of the brother of the grandfather, the grandson and granddaughter of the great-grandson or the great-granddaughter by their sons or daughters, and the first cousin of the father or the mother. In this instance we also compute eight persons; for the reason that the grandfather and the brother (as has already been stated), can exist in this capacity in two ways, and therefore the character of son or daughter of a paternal great-aunt belongs to four persons; the son and the daughter of the paternal great-aunt are the son and the daughter of the sister of the grandfather, and the grandson or the granddaughter by the daughter of the great-grandfather, or the great-grandmother, and cousins of the father or mother; the number of the persons being the same as above stated. The son and the daughter of the maternal great-uncle are the son and daughter of the brother of the grandmother, or the grandson and granddaughter by the son, and the male and female cousins of the father or the mother; and the number is the same as that given above. The son and the daughter of the maternal great-aunt, that is to say, the children of a sister of the grandmother, the grandson and granddaughter by the daughter of the great-grandfather or great-grandmother, and the cousins of the father or mother according to the same computation. The persons whom we have just enumerated from the son of the paternal great-uncle, concerning whose relationship a question may arise, are properly designated cousins, for, as Massurius says, a person whom anyone calls next in degree to his cousin, who is a cousin of his father or mother, is designated by him as the son or daughter of the cousin. The grandson and granddaughter of the paternal uncle are the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the paternal grandfather or the paternal grandmother, descended from a grandson or a granddaughter by a son, and are the children of cousins. These include eight persons, that is four grandsons and four granddaughters, for the reason that the term paternal uncle is understood to be one of twofold meaning, and the grandson or the granddaughter are doubled, so far as the two kinds of uncles are concerned. The grandson or the granddaughter of the paternal aunt are the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter born to a grandson or a granddaughter of the paternal grandfather or grandmother, and are the sons and daughters of cousins; and the number is the same. The grandson and granddaughter of the maternal uncle are the great-grandson and great-granddaughter of the maternal grandfather or grandmother. The remainder are the same, as in the case of grandson or granddaughter of the paternal uncle (the grandson and granddaughter of the maternal aunt, that is to say, the great-grandson of the great-granddaughter, by a grandson or granddaughter of the maternal grandfather or grandmother; and the number of persons is the same). All those whom we have just mentioned from the grandson of the paternal uncle, in the case where relationship is in question, are considered next in line to the cousin, for he is the cousin of the father or mother. The great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of a brother: in this degree sixteen persons are included, the term brother being understood in two ways, and the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter each being understood in four ways (as we previously mentioned). The degree of great-grandson and great-granddaughter of the sister likewise includes sixteen persons. The great-great-great-grandson and the great-great-great-granddaughter are the children of the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter, the grandson and granddaughter of the great-grandson or the great-granddaughter, the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the grandson or the granddaughter; the great-great-grandchildren of the son or the daughter. Thirty-two persons are included under this appellation, for the great-great-great-grandson includes sixteen, and the great-great-great-granddaughter the same number. 17Four hundred and forty-eight persons are included in the sixth degree, as follows: the great-great-great-great-grandfather, the great-great-great-grandfather of the father, or mother, the great-great-grandfather, the grandfather or grandmother, the great-grandfather of the great-grandfather or great-grandmother, the grandfather of the great-great-grandfather or the grandmother, and the grandfather of the great-great-grandfather or grandmother, and the father of the great-great-great-grandfather or the great-great-great-grandmother. He is called the grandfather in the third degree. Thirty-two persons are included in this class. For the number to which the great-great-great-grandfather belongs must be doubled, a change being made with reference to each person, so far as the relation of great-great-great-grandfather is concerned; so that there are sixteen ways of being the father of the great-great-great-grandfather, and as many of being the father of the great-great-great-great-grandmother. The term great-great-great-great-grandmother likewise includes thirty-two persons, the paternal great-great-uncle, that is to say the brother of the great-great-grandfather, the son of the great-great-great-grandfather and mother, the paternal great-great-uncle of the father or mother. The sixteen persons mentioned as included in the term are the following:
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather | abavi fraterthe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | ataviathe great-great-great-grandmother | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | ataviathe great-great-great-grandmother | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proavusthe great-grandfather | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | ataviathe great-great-great-grandmother | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | atavusthe great-great-great-grandfather | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | proaviathe great-grandmother | abavusthe great-great-grandfather | ataviathe great-great-great-grandmother | frater abavithe brother of the great-great-grandfather |
The same number are included on the mother’s side. The maternal great-great-uncle, that is to say the brother of the great-great-grand-mother, and the maternal great-uncle of the father or mother. The number in the order of the persons is the same as above mentioned; the only change being that the brother of the great-great-grandmother is introduced instead of the brother of the great-great-grandfather. The paternal great-great-aunt is the sister of the great-great-grandfather, and the maternal great-great-aunt of the mother; and the others proceed in regular order, as in the case of the paternal great-great-uncle, with the exception that the sister of the great-great-grandfather is substituted instead of the brother of the great-great-grandfather. The maternal great-great-aunt is the sister of the great-great-grandmother, and the great-aunt of the father or mother, and the other degrees proceed as above, except that, at the last, the sister of the great-great-grandmother is introduced instead of the brother of the great-great-grandmother. Certain authorities designate by the following specific names all those whom we have traced from the paternal great-great-uncle, the maternal great-great-uncle, the paternal great-great-uncle, the paternal great-great-aunt, and the maternal great-great-aunt; therefore, we use these terms indiscriminately. Those whom I designate by these names call me the great-great-grandson of their brother or their sister. The son and the daughter of the paternal great-great-uncle are the son and daughter of the brother of the great-grandfather, and the grandson and granddaughter of the great-great-grandfather or great-great-grandmother, by the great-grandfather through his son. There are sixteen persons in this class, the enumeration being made in the same manner as was done in the fifth degree, when we explained the relation of the paternal great-great-uncle; only adding one more son or daughter, because it is necessary to include as many persons in this class, as in those of the paternal great-great-uncle, that is to say, eight. With reference to the person of the daughter, the number computed is the same as that mentioned above; the son and the daughter of the paternal great-great-aunt are the children of the sister of the great-grandfather, and the grandson and the granddaughter by the great-great-grandfather or the great-great-grandmother through the great-grandfather by a daughter. In this instance, we compute the persons according to the same rule. The son and daughter of the maternal great-great-uncle are the children of the great-grandfather and the great-grandmother, and the grandchildren of the great-great-great-grandfather, and the great-great-great-grandmother through the great-grandmother by a son. The enumeration, in this case, should be made just as in that of the son and daughter of the paternal great-great-uncle. The son and the daughter of the maternal great-great-aunt are the son and the daughter of the sister of the great-grandmother, and the grandson and granddaughter of the great-great-grandfather and the great-great-grandmother through the great-grandmother by a daughter, the number and definitions of the persons being the same as above. All of those whom we have mentioned as descended from the son of the paternal great-great-uncle are cousins of the grandfather and grandmother, and the great-uncles and great-aunts of the person whose relationship is in question; and they are also distant cousins of the brothers and sisters of the father or mother on both sides. The grandson and the granddaughter of a paternal great-uncle and a paternal great-aunt, of a maternal great-uncle and a maternal great-aunt, each of which classes includes sixty-four persons. For as the person of the great-uncle has four different significations, that of the grandson has two, the number is doubled in speaking of the grandson, and he who is doubled is also quadrupled. Where the granddaughter is concerned, the number is also doubled; and we will mention one of these enumerations, by way of example.
| paterThe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | frater avi qui est patruus magnusthe brother of the grandfather, who is the paternal great-uncle | filius eiushis son | nepos eiusdem ex filioand his grandson, by a son | item neptisand also his granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | frater avi qui est patruus magnusthe brother of the grandfather, who is the paternal great-uncle | filius eiushis son | nepos eiusdem ex filiohis grandson by his son | item neptisand his granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proavusthe great-grandfather | frater avi qui est patruus magnusthe brother of the grandfather, who is the paternal great-uncle | filia eiushis daughter | nepos eiusdem ex filiaand his grandson by his daughter | item neptislikewise, his granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | proaviathe great-grandmother | frater avi qui est patruus magnusthe brother of the grandfather, who is the paternal great-uncle | filia eiushis daughter | nepos eiusdem ex filiahis grandson by his daughter | item neptisand also his granddaughter |
Under the same rule, there are as many, beginning with the mother, that is to say if we compute the grandsons and granddaughters of the brother of the maternal grandfather. This also applies to the paternal great-aunt; that is to say, where we enumerate the grandchildren of the sister of the grandfather. The same rule also applies to the maternal great-uncle, that is to say, the brother of the grandmother. According to the same rule, the computation is made with reference to the maternal great-aunt, that is to say, the sister of the grandmother; from whom the entire number of sixty-four descendants is derived. All of these are the great-grandsons or great-granddaughters of the great-grandfather or great-grandmother of the person whose relationship is in question, the grandsons or granddaughters of the brother or sister of the same grandfather or grandmother. And, on the other hand, the grandfather and grandmother, the paternal great-uncle and the paternal great-aunt, the maternal great-uncle and the maternal great-aunt of the same person. There are, in addition, the father and the mother of the same person, and the brothers and sisters of both of these in the degree above cousins, and he is their cousin, and they are his. The great-grandson of the paternal uncle and his granddaughter include eight persons; for there are sixteen of both sexes; namely,
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | patruusthe paternal uncle | filius patruithe son of the latter | nepos eiusdem ex filiohis grandson by a son | pronepos eiusdem ex nepote filio natohis great-grandson through his son by a grandson | item proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | patruusthe paternal uncle | filius patruithe son of the paternal uncle | nepos eiusdem ex filiohis grandson through his son | pronepos ex nepote filio natohis great-grandson by a grandson through his son | item proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | patruusthe paternal uncle | filia patruithe daughter of the latter | nepos eiusdem ex filiahis grandson by his daughter | pronepos ex nepote filia natohis great-grandson by his grandson by his daughter’s son | et proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | patruusthe paternal uncle | filia patruithe daughter of the paternal uncle | nepos eius ex filiahis grandson by his daughter | pronepos ex nepote filia natohis great-grandson born to his grandson by his daughter | item proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | patruusthe paternal uncle | filius patruithe son of the paternal uncle | neptis eiusdem ex filiothe granddaughter by the son of his daughter | pronepos ex nepte filio natathe great-grandson born to the son of his daughter | item proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | patruusthe great-uncle | filius patruithe son of the great-uncle | neptis eiusdem ex filiohis granddaughter by his son | pronepos ex nepte filio natahis great-grandson born to his son through his granddaughter | item proneptisand also his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | avusthe grandfather | patruusthe great-uncle | filia patruithe daughter of the great-uncle | neptis eiusdem ex filiahis granddaughter by his daughter | pronepos ex nepte filia natahis great-grandson born to his granddaughter by his daughter | item proneptisand his great-granddaughter |
| paterthe father | aviathe grandmother | patruusthe paternal uncle | filia patruithe daughter of the paternal uncle | neptis eiusdem ex filiahis granddaughter by his daughter | pronepos ex nepte filia natahis great-grandson by his granddaughter through his daughter | item proneptisand his granddaughter |
Under the same rule this class contains the same number of persons by substituting the paternal aunt for the paternal uncle. This also applies to the great-grandson and great-granddaughter of the maternal uncle, the latter being introduced instead of the paternal uncle. The great-grandson and great-granddaughter of the paternal aunt, and, in this instance, the maternal aunt is substituted instead of the paternal uncle, and we find the same number of persons. All of these are the grandsons or granddaughters of the cousins of him whose relationship is in question. The great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the brother and sister give rise to sixty-four persons, as appears from what is above stated. The great-great-great-grandson and great-great-great-granddaughter, the great-great-grandson or the great-great-granddaughter of the son of the daughter, and the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the great-grandson, and the great-granddaughter of the great-grandson, or the great-granddaughter of the great-grandson or the great-granddaughter, or the grandson and granddaughter of the great-great-grandson or the great-great-granddaughter, or the son of the daughter of the great-great-grandson or the great-great-granddaughter. These appellations include sixty-four persons, for the grandson in the third degree gives rise to thirty-two, and the granddaughter in the third degree to the same number. For from the great-great-grandson the number is quadrupled, making thirty-two, as the term grandson itself signifies two persons, the great-grandson four, the great-great-grandson eight, the great-great-great-grandson sixteen. To these are added the grandson and the granddaughter in the third degree, one of whom is born to the great-great-great-grandson, and the other to the great-great-great-granddaughter. Moreover, the same duplication is made in each individual degree, for the females are added to the males, from whom each one is derived in regular order, and they are enumerated as follows:
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | atneposthe great-great-great-grandson | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneposthe great-great-grandson | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neposthe grandson | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | adneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | atneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneposthe great-grandson | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | atneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiusthe son | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | atneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
| filiathe daughter | neptisthe granddaughter | proneptisthe great-granddaughter | abneptisthe great-great-granddaughter | atneptisthe great-great-great-granddaughter | trineposthe great-great-great-great-grandson | item trineptisand the great-great-great-great-granddaughter |
18One hundred and twenty-four persons are included in the seventh degree, beginning with the father and the mother of the great-great-great-great-grandfather and the great-great-great-great-grandmother. These constitute in all a hundred and twenty-eight persons, for there are as many fathers and mothers of the great-great-great-great-grandfather as of the great-great-great-great-grandmother, and these make sixty-four. The brother and the sister of the great-great-great-grandfather and the great-great-great-grandmother are the son and daughter of the great-great-great-great-grandfather, the paternal and maternal uncle and the paternal and maternal aunt of the great-great-grandfather and the great-great-grandmother; the paternal great-uncle and the maternal great-uncle, the paternal great-aunt and the maternal great-aunt of the great-grandfather and the great-grandmother; the paternal great-great-uncle, the maternal great-great-uncle, the paternal great-great-aunt, and the maternal great-great-aunt of the grandfather or grandmother; the paternal great-great-uncle, the maternal great-great-uncle, the paternal great-great-aunt and the maternal great-great aunt of the father or mother. The persons connected with the brother of the great-great-great-grandfather are thirty-two in number, for there are sixteen derived from the great-great-great-grandfather, and as many more are necessarily added on account of the duplication of the person of the brother. For sixteen brothers of the great-great-great-grandfather are computed as descending from his father, as well as sixteen from his mother. In like manner the sisters of the great-great-great-grandfather are thirty-two in number. This makes sixty-four in all, and as many for the brother and sister of the great-great-great-grandmother must be reckoned. The son and the daughter of the paternal great-great-uncle are the grandson of the great-great-great-grandfather and the granddaughter by his son, the son and daughter of the brother of the great-great-grandfather. The son and the daughter of the paternal great-great-aunt are the grandson of the great-great-great-grandfather and granddaughter by his daughter, the son and the daughter of the sister of the great-great-grandfather. The son and the daughter of the maternal great-great-uncle are the grandson of the great-great-great-great-grandfather and the granddaughter by his son, the son and the daughter of the brother of the great-great-grandmother. The son and the daughter of the maternal great-great-aunt are the grandson and the granddaughter of the great-great-great-grandfather, by his granddaughter by a daughter, the son and daughter of the sister of the great-great-grandmother. All these persons whom we have mentioned as being descended from the son of the paternal great-great-uncle are the cousins of the great-grandfather and the great-grandmother whose relationship is in question, one degree above the cousins of his grandfather and grandmother. Each one of these names includes sixteen persons, because when the paternal great-great-uncle gives rise to sixteen, his son and his daughter each gives rise to the enumeration of as many more; and from all those which we trace back to the son of the paternal great-great-uncle by multiplying eight by sixteen, we obtain one hundred and twenty-eight. The term grandson of the paternal great-uncle includes sixteen persons. For he is the great-grandson of the great-great-grandfather and the great-great-grandmother, and as the great-great-grandfather is counted eight times, the grandsons being counted twice eight times, make up the above-mentioned number. The same rule applies to the granddaughter of the paternal great-uncle. According to the same rule the grandson and granddaughter of the maternal great-great-uncle include thirty-two persons. The grandson and granddaughter of the paternal great-aunt under this classification includes the same number. This also applies to the grandson and the granddaughter of a maternal great-aunt, and hence, for all of these, a hundred and twenty-eight persons are obtained. The grandfather and grandmother of the person whose relationship is in question are related in the degree above cousins to the persons hereinbefore mentioned, namely, the father, the mother and the male and female cousins. He whose degree of relationship is in question is their cousin, but in an inferior degree, and, as Trebatius says, this is done to indicate that they are related; and he gives as the reason for this, that the last degrees of relationship are those of cousins. Therefore, the son of my cousin is very properly called my near relative; and he is also called the son of my cousin. Hence those who are born of cousins call one another near relatives, for they have no special name by which they may be designated. The great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the paternal great-uncle, the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the maternal great-uncle, the great-grandson and the granddaughter of the paternal great-aunt, the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the maternal great-aunt: from all these a hundred and twenty-eight persons are derived, because each of these appellations includes sixteen. For example, the term paternal great-uncle is understood in four different ways, the persons of each paternal great-uncle being quadrupled; the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter include thirty-two persons; and this number multiplied by four makes the entire number above mentioned. The fathers and mothers of these are the cousins of him whose degree of relationship is in question, and he is their cousin. The great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the paternal uncle, the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the maternal uncle, the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the paternal aunt, the great-great-grandson and the great-great-granddaughter of the maternal aunt: each of these terms includes sixteen persons; for example, the great-great-grandson of the paternal uncle is enumerated in such a way that his great-grandson and great-granddaughter shall be counted as four, and their children will amount to sixteen. The same rule applies to the daughter as to the others, and in this way the entire number is brought up to a hundred and twenty-eight. These are the great-grandson and the great-granddaughter of the cousins of him whose degree of relationship is in question; the sons and daughters of the paternal great-great-uncle, the maternal great-great-uncle, the paternal great-great-aunt, and the maternal great-great-aunt, of those whose degree of relationship is in question. The same rule applies to the cousin of the great-grandfather and the great-grandmother. The great-great-great-grandson and the great-great-great-great-granddaughter of the brother or sister include one hundred and twenty-eight persons. The son and daughter of the great-great-great-great-grandson, and the son and daughter of the great-great-great-great-granddaughter: these also constitute a hundred and twenty-eight persons, because as the great-great-great-great-grandson and the great-great-great-great-granddaughter include sixty-four persons (as we have previously stated), their son and their daughter under the same enumeration will each include as many more.