Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. I9,
De senatoribus
Liber primus
IX.

De senatoribus

(Concerning Senators.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­xa­gen­si­mo se­cun­do ad edic­tum. Con­su­la­ri fe­mi­nae uti­que con­su­la­rem vi­rum prae­fe­ren­dum ne­mo amb­igit. sed vir prae­fec­to­rius an con­su­la­ri fe­mi­nae prae­fe­ra­tur, vi­den­dum. pu­tem prae­fer­ri, quia ma­ior dig­ni­tas est in se­xu vi­ri­li. 1Con­su­la­res au­tem fe­mi­nas di­ci­mus con­su­la­rium uxo­res: ad­icit Sa­tur­ni­nus et­iam ma­tres, quod nec us­quam re­la­tum est nec um­quam re­cep­tum.

1Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book LXII. No one doubts that a man of consular rank should always take precedence of a woman of consular rank, but it is a matter for consideration whether a man of præfectorian rank takes precedence of a woman of consular rank. I think that he does take precedence of her, because greater dignity attaches to the male sex. 1We call the wives of consuls women of consular rank, and Saturninus extends this quality to their mothers, but this is not stated anywhere else and it is nowhere admitted.

2Mar­cel­lus li­bro ter­tio di­ges­to­rum. Cas­sius Lon­gi­nus non pu­tat ei per­mit­ten­dum, qui prop­ter tur­pi­tu­di­nem se­na­tu mo­tus nec re­sti­tu­tus est, iu­di­ca­re vel tes­ti­mo­nium di­ce­re, quia lex Iu­lia re­pe­tun­da­rum hoc fie­ri ve­tat.

2Marcellus, Digest, Book III. Cassius Longinus is of the opinion that when a man has been expelled from the Senate for infamous behaviour, and has not been reinstated, he should not be permitted to preside in court, or testify as a witness; for the reason that the Lex Julia forbids this to be done in cases of extortion.

3Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro sex­to re­gu­la­rum. Se­na­to­rem re­mo­tum se­na­tu ca­pi­te non mi­nui, sed Ro­mae mo­ra­ri, di­vus Se­ve­rus et An­to­ni­nus per­mi­se­runt.

3Modestinus, Rules, Book VI. A Senator who has been expelled from the Senate does not lose his citizenship; and the Divine Severus and Antoninus even permitted him to live at Rome.

4Pom­po­nius li­bro duo­de­ci­mo ex va­riis lec­tio­ni­bus. Qui in­dig­nus est in­fe­rio­re or­di­ne, in­dig­nior est su­pe­rio­re.

4Pomponius, From Various Passages, Book XII. Whoever is unworthy of a lower rank is still more unworthy of a higher one.

5Ul­pia­nus li­bro pri­mo ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Se­na­to­ris fi­lium ac­ci­pe­re de­be­mus non tan­tum eum qui na­tu­ra­lis est, ve­rum ad­op­ti­vum quo­que: ne­que in­ter­erit, a quo vel qua­li­ter ad­op­ta­tus fue­rit, nec in­ter­est, iam in se­na­to­ria dig­ni­ta­te con­sti­tu­tus eum sus­ce­pe­rit an an­te dig­ni­ta­tem se­na­to­riam.

5Ulpianus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book I. We should understand by the terms “the son of a Senator”, not only a natural son but also an adopted one, and it does not matter by whom or in what way he has been adopted. Nor does it make any difference whether he was already invested with Senatorial rank when he adopted him, or whether this was done subsequently.

6Pau­lus li­bro se­cun­do ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Se­na­to­ris fi­lius est et is, quem in ad­op­tio­nem ac­ce­pit, quam­diu ta­men in fa­mi­lia eius ma­net: em­an­ci­pa­tus ve­ro no­men fi­lii em­an­ci­pa­tio­ne amit­tit. 1A se­na­to­re in ad­op­tio­nem fi­lius da­tus ei qui in­fe­rio­ris dig­ni­ta­tis est, qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lius vi­de­tur, quia non amit­ti­tur se­na­to­ria dig­ni­tas ad­op­tio­ne in­fe­rio­ris dig­ni­ta­tis, non ma­gis quam ut con­su­la­ris de­si­nat es­se.

6Paulus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book II. A son adopted by a Senator continues to be such as long as he remains in his family; but when he is emancipated, then by the emancipation he loses the name of son. 1When a son is given in adoption by a Senator to a person of inferior rank he is always considered the son of a Senator; because the Senatorial dignity is not lost by an adoption arising from an inferior station, any more than anyone would cease to be of consular dignity under similar circumstances.

7Ul­pia­nus li­bro pri­mo ad le­gem Iu­liam et Pa­piam. Em­an­ci­pa­tum a pa­tre se­na­to­re qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lium ha­be­ri pla­cet. 1Item La­beo scri­bit et­iam eum, qui post mor­tem pa­tris se­na­to­ris na­tus sit, qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lium es­se. sed eum, qui post­ea­quam pa­ter eius de se­na­tu mo­tus est, con­ci­pi­tur et nas­ci­tur, Pro­cu­lus et Pe­ga­sus opi­nan­tur non es­se qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lium, quo­rum sen­ten­tia ve­ra est: nec enim pro­prie se­na­to­ris fi­lius di­ce­tur is, cu­ius pa­ter se­na­tu mo­tus est an­te­quam is­te nas­ce­re­tur. si quis con­cep­tus qui­dem sit, an­te­quam pa­ter eius se­na­tu mo­vea­tur, na­tus au­tem post pa­tris amis­sam dig­ni­ta­tem, ma­gis est ut qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lius in­tel­le­ga­tur: tem­pus enim con­cep­tio­nis spec­tan­dum ple­ris­que pla­cuit. 2Si quis et pa­trem et avum ha­bue­rit se­na­to­rem, et qua­si fi­lius et qua­si ne­pos se­na­to­ris in­tel­le­gi­tur. sed si pa­ter amis­e­rit dig­ni­ta­tem an­te con­cep­tio­nem hu­ius, quae­ri pot­erit an, quam­vis qua­si se­na­to­ris fi­lius non in­tel­le­ga­tur, qua­si ne­pos ta­men in­tel­le­gi de­beat: et ma­gis est ut de­beat, ut avi po­tius ei dig­ni­tas pro­sit, quam ob­sit ca­sus pa­tris.

7Ulpianus, On the Lex Julia et Papia, Book I. It is established that the son of a Senator emancipated by his father is always considered a Senator’s son. 1Labeo also declares that a child born after the death of his father who was a Senator, shall be considered the son of the Senator. Proculus and Pegasus are of the opinion, however, that a child who was conceived and born after the expulsion of its father from the Senate, should not be considered a Senator’s son. This opinion is correct, for he whose father has been expelled from the Senate before he was born, cannot properly be called the son of a Senator; but where a child has been conceived before its father was expelled from the Senate, and born after his father had lost his rank, the better opinion is that he should be understood to be the son of a Senator. It is held by many that the time of conception should only be considered under such circumstances. 2Anyone whose father and grandfather have been Senators is understood to be both the son and the grandson of a Senator; if, however, his father lost his rank before the conception of the former, the question might arise whether he should not be considered the grandson of a Senator, even though he was no longer regarded as the son of one? It is the better opinion that he ought to be, so that the rank of his grandfather may be of advantage to him, rather than he should be injured by the condition of his father.

8Idem li­bro sex­to fi­dei­com­mis­so­rum. Fe­mi­nae nup­tae cla­ris­si­mis per­so­nis cla­ris­si­ma­rum per­so­na­rum ap­pel­la­tio­ne con­ti­nen­tur. cla­ris­si­ma­rum fe­mi­na­rum no­mi­ne se­na­to­rum fi­liae, ni­si quae vi­ros cla­ris­si­mos sor­ti­tae sunt, non ha­ben­tur: fe­mi­nis enim dig­ni­ta­tem cla­ris­si­mam ma­ri­ti tri­buunt, pa­ren­tes ve­ro, do­nec ple­be­ii nup­tiis fue­rint co­pu­la­tae: tam­diu igi­tur cla­ris­si­ma fe­mi­na erit, quam­diu se­na­to­ri nup­ta est vel cla­ris­si­mo aut se­pa­ra­ta ab eo alii in­fe­rio­ris dig­ni­ta­tis non nup­sit.

8The Same, Trusts, Book VI. Women who are married to persons of illustrious rank are included in the appellation of illustrious persons. The daughters of Senators are not known by the name of illustrious women, unless they have obtained husbands of eminent dignity, for their husbands confer illustrious rank upon them; but parents, indeed, do so, so long as they are not connected with plebeian families. Therefore, a woman is of illustrious rank while she is married to a Senator or a distinguished man; or, having been separated from him, she has not married a person of inferior station.

9Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro quar­to re­spon­so­rum. Fi­liam se­na­to­ris nup­tias li­ber­ti se­cu­tam pa­tris ca­sus non fa­cit uxo­rem: nam quae­si­ta dig­ni­tas li­be­ris prop­ter ca­sum pa­tris re­mo­ti a se­na­tu au­fe­ren­da non est.

9Papinianus, Opinions, Book IV. When the daughter of a Senator marries a freeman, the condition of her father does not make her a wife; since, on the other hand, where her father had been expelled from the Senate, his children should not be deprived of the rank which they have obtained.

10Ul­pia­nus li­bro tri­gen­si­mo quar­to ad edic­tum. Li­be­ros se­na­to­rum ac­ci­pe­re de­be­mus non tan­tum se­na­to­rum fi­lios, ve­rum om­nes, qui ge­ni­ti ex ip­sis ex­ve li­be­ris eo­rum di­can­tur, si­ve na­tu­ra­les si­ve ad­op­ti­vi sint li­be­ri se­na­to­rum, ex qui­bus na­ti di­cun­tur. sed si ex fi­lia se­na­to­ris na­tus sit, spec­ta­re de­be­mus pa­tris eius con­di­cio­nem.

10Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XXXIV. We should consider the children of Senators to be not only their sons, but also all those descended from them or from their children, whether they be the natural or adopted offspring of the Senators from whom they are said to have descended; but in the case of a child, born to the daughter of a Senator, we must examine the condition of the father.

11Pau­lus li­bro qua­dra­gen­si­mo pri­mo ad edic­tum. Se­na­to­res li­cet in ur­be do­mi­ci­lium ha­be­re vi­dean­tur, ta­men et ibi, un­de ori­un­di sunt, ha­be­re do­mi­ci­lium in­tel­le­gun­tur, quia dig­ni­tas do­mi­ci­lii ad­iec­tio­nem po­tius de­dis­se quam per­mu­tas­se vi­de­tur.

11Paulus, On the Edict, Book XLI. Senators are always considered to have their residence at Rome; still, they are understood to have a residence in the place where they were born, for the reason that the rank of Senator is considered rather to give an additional domicile than to change the old one.

12Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­cun­do de cen­si­bus. Nup­tae prius con­su­la­ri vi­ro im­pe­tra­re so­lent a prin­ci­pe, quam­vis per­ra­ro, ut nup­tae ite­rum mi­no­ris dig­ni­ta­tis vi­ro ni­hi­lo­mi­nus in con­su­la­ri ma­neant dig­ni­ta­te: ut scio An­to­ni­num Au­gus­tum Iu­liae Ma­maeae con­so­bri­nae suae in­dul­sis­se. 1Se­na­to­res au­tem ac­ci­pien­dum est eos, qui a pa­tri­ciis et con­su­li­bus us­que ad om­nes il­lus­tres vi­ros de­scen­dunt, quia et hi so­li in se­na­tu sen­ten­tiam di­ce­re pos­sunt.

12Ulpianus, On Registers of the Censor, Book II. Women married in the first place to men of consular dignity, and afterwards to men of inferior station, sometimes, though rarely, despite this obtain from the Emperor the privilege of retaining their consular rank; for I know that Antoninus Augustus favored his cousin Julia Mammæ in this respect. 1Those are to be considered persons of Senatorial rank who are descended from patricians and consuls, or any illustrious men; because these alone have the right to give their opinions in the Senate.