Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. VII3,
Quando dies usus fructus legati cedat
Liber septimus
III.

Quando dies usus fructus legati cedat

(When the Legacy of an Usufruct Vests.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro sep­ti­mo de­ci­mo ad Sa­binum. Quam­quam usus fruc­tus ex fruen­do con­sis­tat, id est fac­to ali­quo eius qui frui­tur et uti­tur, ta­men se­mel ce­dit dies: ali­ter at­que si cui in men­ses vel in dies vel in an­nos sin­gu­los quid le­ge­tur: tunc enim per dies sin­gu­los vel men­ses vel an­nos dies le­ga­ti ce­dit. un­de quae­ri pot­est, si usus fruc­tus cui per dies sin­gu­los le­ge­tur vel in an­nos sin­gu­los, an se­mel ce­dat: et pu­to non ce­de­re si­mul, sed per tem­po­ra ad­iec­ta, ut plu­ra le­ga­ta sint: et ita li­bro quar­to di­ges­to­rum Mar­cel­lus pro­bat in eo, cui al­ter­nis die­bus usus fruc­tus le­ga­tus est. 1Et id­eo si is fruc­tus le­ga­tus sit, qui cot­ti­die per­ci­pi non pot­est, non erit in­uti­le le­ga­tum, sed dies ha­be­bunt le­ga­tum, qui­bus frui pot­est. 2Dies au­tem usus fruc­tus, item usus non prius ce­det quam he­redi­tas ad­ea­tur: tunc enim con­sti­tui­tur usus fruc­tus, cum quis iam frui pot­est. hac ra­tio­ne et si ser­vo he­redi­ta­rio usus fruc­tus le­ge­tur, Iu­lia­nus scri­bit, quam­vis ce­te­ra le­ga­ta he­redi­ta­ti ad­quiran­tur, in usu fruc­tu ta­men per­so­nam do­mi­ni ex­spec­ta­ri, qui uti et frui pos­sit. 3Item si ex die usus fruc­tus le­ge­tur, dies eius non­dum ce­det, ni­si cum dies venit: pos­se enim usum fruc­tum ex die le­ga­ri et in diem con­stat. 4Non so­lum au­tem usus fruc­tus an­te ad­itam he­redi­ta­tem dies non ce­dit, sed nec ac­tio de usu fruc­tu: idem­que et si ex die fue­rit le­ga­tus usus fruc­tus: de­ni­que Scae­vo­la ait agen­tem an­te diem usus fruc­tus ni­hil fa­ce­re, quam­vis alias qui an­te diem agit, ma­le agit.

1Ulpianus, On Sabinus, Book XVII. Although an usufruct consists of enjoyment, that is to say, in some effort exerted by him who enjoys and uses the right; still, it vests but once, and it is different from where something is bequeathed every month, or every day, or every year; for then the legacy vests daily, monthly, or yearly. Wherefore the question may arise, where an usufruct is bequeathed to anyone, for every day, or for every year, does it vest but once? I think that it does not, but as many times as it is mentioned, so that there are several legacies. Marcellus approves this opinion in the Fourth Book of the Digest, where an usufruct is bequeathed to anyone for alternate days. 1Therefore, if an usufruct is bequeathed which cannot be enjoyed every day, the bequest will not be invalid, but it will vest on the day when it can be enjoyed. 2An usufruct, however, and likewise an use, will not vest before the estate is entered upon, for an usufruct is not created until someone can immediately enjoy it. According to this rule, if the usufruct is bequeathed to a slave forming part of an estate, Julianus holds that, although other legacies may be acquired by the estate, in the case of an usufruct we must wait for the person of the owner who can use and enjoy the same. 3Moreover, if an usufruct is bequeathed from a certain day, it will not vest until the day arrives; for it is established that an usufruct can be bequeathed from a certain time or until a certain time. 4Not only does an usufruct not vest before the estate is entered upon, but a right of action based upon usufruct does not do so either; and the same rule applies where an usufruct is bequeathed after a certain day; hence, Scævola says that a party who brings an action before the day of the usufruct will gain nothing; although any legal procedure which is instituted before the proper time is void.