Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVIII11,
De lege Iulia repetundarum
Liber quadragesimus octavus
XI.

De lege Iulia repetundarum

(Concerning the Julian Law on Extortion.)

1Mar­cia­nus li­bro quar­to de­ci­mo in­sti­tu­tio­num. Lex Iu­lia re­pe­tun­da­rum per­ti­net ad eas pe­cu­nias, quas quis in ma­gis­tra­tu po­tes­ta­te cu­ra­tio­ne le­ga­tio­ne vel quo alio of­fi­cio mu­ne­re mi­nis­te­rio­ve pu­bli­co ce­pit, vel cum ex co­hor­te cu­ius eo­rum est. 1Ex­ci­pit lex, a qui­bus li­cet ac­ci­pe­re: a so­bri­nis pro­pio­re­ve gra­du co­gna­tis suis, uxo­re.

1Marcianus, Institutes, Book XIV. The Julian Law on Extortion has reference to money received by someone who holds the position of magistrate, or who is invested with some degree of power, or administration, or with the office of Deputy, or any other public employment or occupation whatsoever; and also applies to the attendants of the above-mentioned dignitaries. 1The law excepts those from whom it is permitted to receive money, for instance, from cousins, from near relatives, and from a wife.

2Scae­vo­la li­bro quar­to re­gu­la­rum. Da­tur ex hac le­ge et in he­redes ac­tio in­tra an­num dum­ta­xat a mor­te eius qui ar­gue­ba­tur.

2Scævola, Rules, Book IV. Under this law, an action is granted against heirs, but only within a year after the death of the person who was accused.

3Ma­cer li­bro pri­mo pu­bli­co­rum. Le­ge Iu­lia re­pe­tun­da­rum te­ne­tur, qui, cum ali­quam po­tes­ta­tem ha­be­ret, pe­cu­niam ob iu­di­can­dum vel non iu­di­can­dum de­cer­nen­dum­ve ac­ce­pe­rit:

3Macer, Public Prosecutions, Book I. He is liable under the Julian Law relating to Extortion who, while invested with any authority, accepts money for rendering a judgment or decree;

4Ve­nu­leius Sa­tur­ni­nus li­bro ter­tio pu­bli­co­rum iu­di­cio­rum. vel quo ma­gis aut mi­nus quid ex of­fi­cio suo fa­ce­ret.

4Venuleius Saturninus, Public Prosecutions, Book III. Or for doing more or less than he was obliged to do in the performance of his official duty.

5Ma­cer li­bro pri­mo pu­bli­co­rum. In com­ites quo­que iu­di­cum ex hac le­ge iu­di­cium da­tur.

5Macer, Public Prosecutions, Book I. The attendants of judges can also be prosecuted under this law.

6Ve­nu­leius Sa­tur­ni­nus li­bro ter­tio pu­bli­co­rum iu­di­cio­rum. Ea­dem le­ge te­nen­tur, qui ob de­nun­tian­dum vel non de­nun­tian­dum tes­ti­mo­nium pe­cu­niam ac­ce­pe­rint. 1Hac le­ge dam­na­tus tes­ti­mo­nium pu­bli­ce di­ce­re aut iu­dex es­se pos­tu­la­re­ve pro­hi­be­tur. 2Le­ge Iu­lia re­pe­tun­da­rum ca­ve­tur, ne quis ob mi­li­tem le­gen­dum mit­ten­dum­ve aes ac­ci­piat, ne­ve quis ob sen­ten­tiam in se­na­tu con­si­lio­ve pu­bli­co di­cen­dam pe­cu­niam ac­ci­piat, vel ob ac­cu­san­dum vel non ac­cu­san­dum: ut­que ur­ba­ni ma­gis­tra­tus ob om­ni sor­de se abs­ti­neant ne­ve plus do­ni mu­ne­ris in an­no ac­ci­piant, quam quod sit au­reo­rum cen­tum.

6Venuleius Saturninus, Public Prosecutions, Book I. Those are liable under the same law who receive money either for testifying, or for not testifying. 1He who is convicted under this law is forbidden to testify in public, or to be a judge, or to prosecute a crime. 2It is provided by the Julian Law relating to Extortion that: “No one shall take money for the purpose of enlisting or discharging a soldier, nor shall anyone accept money for giving his opinion in the Senate or in a public council, or to accuse, or not to accuse anyone; and city magistrates must abstain from all kinds of corruption, and not receive in gifts or presents more than a hundred aurei during the entire year.”

7Ma­cer li­bro pri­mo iu­di­cio­rum pu­bli­co­rum. Lex Iu­lia de re­pe­tun­dis prae­ci­pit, ne quis ob iu­di­cem ar­bi­trum­ve dan­dum mu­tan­dum iu­ben­dum­ve ut iu­di­cet: ne­ve ob non dan­dum non mu­tan­dum non iu­ben­dum ut iu­di­cet: ne­ve ob ho­mi­nem in vin­cu­la pu­bli­ca co­icien­dum vin­cien­dum vin­ci­ri­ve iu­ben­dum ex­ve vin­cu­lis di­mit­ten­dum: ne­ve quis ob ho­mi­nem con­dem­nan­dum ab­sol­ven­dum­ve: ne­ve ob li­tem aes­ti­man­dam iu­di­cium­ve ca­pi­tis pe­cu­niae­ve fa­cien­dum vel non fa­cien­dum ali­quid ac­ce­pe­rit. 1Ap­pa­ret au­tem, quod lex ab ex­cep­tis qui­dem in in­fi­ni­tum ca­pe­re per­mit­tit, ab his au­tem, qui hoc ca­pi­te enu­me­ran­tur, a nul­lo ne­que ul­lam quan­ti­ta­tem ca­pe­re per­mit­tit. 2Il­lud quo­que ca­ve­tur, ne in ac­cep­tum fe­ra­tur opus pu­bli­cum fa­cien­dum, fru­men­tum pu­bli­ce dan­dum prae­ben­dum ad­prae­hen­den­dum, sar­ta tec­ta tuen­da, an­te­quam per­fec­ta pro­ba­ta prae­sti­ta le­ge erunt. 3Ho­die ex le­ge re­pe­tun­da­rum ex­tra or­di­nem pu­niun­tur et ple­rum­que vel ex­ilio pu­niun­tur vel et­iam du­rius, pro­ut ad­mi­se­rint. quid enim, si ob ho­mi­nem ne­can­dum pe­cu­niam ac­ce­pe­rint? vel, li­cet non ac­ce­pe­rint, ca­lo­re ta­men in­duc­ti in­ter­fe­ce­rint vel in­no­cen­tem vel quem pu­ni­re non de­bue­rant? ca­pi­te plec­ti de­bent vel cer­te in in­su­lam de­por­ta­ri, ut ple­ri­que pu­ni­ti sunt.

7Macer, Public Prosecutions, Book I. The Julian Law on Extortion prescribes that: “No one shall receive anything as an inducement to render a judgment or a decree, or for changing his opinion; or to prevent him from rendering a decision; or to throw a person into prison, or put him in chains; or order him to be chained, or delivered from his chains; or to convict or acquit a man; or to appraise the amount of a judgment; or to sentence anyone to a capital or a pecuniary penalty, or to refrain from doing so.” 1It is, however, apparent that the law permits all those, excepting such as have been excepted, to receive money without limit; but those enumerated in this Section are not allowed to receive anything from anybody. 2It is also provided: “That no public work which is to be constructed shall be accepted as completed, nor any public provisions which are to be distributed held to be transferred or obtained, nor any buildings considered as repaired, before they have been finished, accepted, and delivered according to law.” 3Persons guilty of extortion are at present arbitrarily dealt with by the law, and they are generally punished with exile, or even more severely, according to the crime which they have committed. What, however, should be done if they accept money as a reward for killing a man? Or even if they do not accept it, but, impelled by rage, they kill an innocent person, or one whom they should not punish? They should undergo a capital penalty, or be deported to an island, as indeed most of them are.

8Pau­lus li­bro quin­qua­gen­si­mo quar­to ad edic­tum. Quod con­tra le­gem re­pe­tun­da­rum pro­con­su­li vel prae­to­ri do­na­tum est, non pot­erit usu ca­pi. 1Ea­dem lex ven­di­tio­nes lo­ca­tio­nes eius rei cau­sa plu­ris mi­no­ris­ve fac­tas ir­ri­tas fa­cit im­pe­dit­que usu­ca­pio­nem, prius­quam in po­tes­ta­tem eius, a quo pro­fec­ta res sit, he­redis­ve eius ve­niat.

8Paulus, On the Edict, Book LIV. When anything is donated to a Proconsul or a Prætor, in violation of the law on extortion, he cannot acquire it by usucaption. 1The same law provides that: “Sales or leases made for a greater or a less price than is just are for this reason void, and usucaption is prevented before the property comes into the hands of him who had it, or his heir.”

9Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro quin­to de­ci­mo re­spon­so­rum. Qui mu­nus pu­bli­ce man­da­tum ac­cep­ta pe­cu­nia ru­pe­runt, cri­mi­ne re­pe­tun­da­rum pos­tu­lan­tur.

9Papinianus, Opinions, Book XV. Those who, in consideration of money paid to them, relinquish a public employment, are criminally prosecuted for extortion.