Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVII21,
De termino moto
Liber quadragesimus septimus
XXI.

De termino moto

(Concerning the Removal of Boundaries.)

1Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro oc­ta­vo re­gu­la­rum. Ter­mi­no­rum avul­so­rum non mul­ta pe­cu­nia­ria est, sed pro con­di­cio­ne ad­mit­ten­tium co­er­ci­tio­ne trans­igen­dum.

1Modestinus, Rules, Book VIII. The penalty for the removal of boundaries is not a pecuniary fine, but should be regulated according to the social position of the guilty parties.

2Cal­lis­tra­tus li­bro ter­tio de co­gni­tio­ni­bus. Di­vus Ha­d­ria­nus in haec ver­ba re­scrip­sit: ‘Quin pes­si­mum fac­tum sit eo­rum, qui ter­mi­nos fi­nium cau­sa po­si­tos pro­pu­le­runt, du­bi­ta­ri non pot­est. de poe­na ta­men mo­dus ex con­di­cio­ne per­so­nae et men­te fa­cien­tis ma­gis sta­tui pot­est: nam si splen­di­dio­res per­so­nae sunt, quae con­vin­cun­tur, non du­bie oc­cu­pan­do­rum alie­no­rum fi­nium cau­sa id ad­mi­se­runt, et pos­sunt in tem­pus, ut cu­ius­que pa­tia­tur ae­tas, rele­ga­ri, id est si iu­ve­nior, in lon­gius, si se­nior, re­ci­sius. si ve­ro alii neg­otium ges­se­runt et mi­nis­te­rio func­ti sunt, cas­ti­ga­ri et ad opus bi­en­nio da­ri. quod si per igno­ran­tiam aut for­tui­to la­pi­des fu­ra­ti sunt, suf­fi­ciet eos ver­be­ri­bus de­ci­de­re’.

2Callistratus, On Judicial Inquiries, Book III. The Divine Hadrian stated the following in a Rescript. There can be no doubt that those who remove monuments placed to establish boundaries are guilty of a very wicked act. In fixing the penalty, however, its degree should be determined by the rank and intention of the individual who perpetrated the crime, for if persons of eminent rank are convicted, there is no doubt that they committed the act for the purpose of obtaining the land of others, and they can be relegated for a certain time, dependent upon their age; that is to say, if the accused is very young, he should be exiled for a longer time; if he is old, for a shorter time. Where others have transacted their business, and have furnished their services, they shall be chastised and sentenced to hard labor on the public works for two years. If, however, they removed the monuments through ignorance, or accidentally, it will be sufficient to have them whipped.

3Idem li­bro quin­to de co­gni­tio­ni­bus. Le­ge agra­ria, quam Gaius Cae­sar tu­lit, ad­ver­sus eos, qui ter­mi­nos sta­tu­tos ex­tra suum gra­dum fi­nes­ve mo­ve­rint do­lo ma­lo, pe­cu­nia­ria poe­na con­sti­tu­ta est: nam in ter­mi­nos sin­gu­los, quos eie­ce­rint lo­co­ve mo­ve­rint, quin­qua­gin­ta au­reos in pu­bli­co da­ri iu­bet: et eius ac­tio­nem pe­ti­tio­nem ei qui vo­let es­se iu­bet. 1Alia quo­que le­ge agra­ria, quam di­vus Ner­va tu­lit, ca­ve­tur, ut, si ser­vus ser­va­ve in­scien­te do­mi­no do­lo ma­lo fe­ce­rit, ei ca­pi­tal es­se, ni­si do­mi­nus do­mi­na­ve mul­tam suf­fer­re ma­lue­rit. 2Hi quo­que, qui fi­na­lium quaes­tio­num ob­scu­ran­da­rum cau­sa fa­ciem lo­co­rum con­ver­tunt, ut ex ar­bo­re ar­bus­tum aut ex sil­va no­va­le aut ali­quid eius­mo­di fa­ciunt, poe­na plec­ten­di sunt pro per­so­na et con­di­cio­ne et fac­to­rum vio­len­tia.

3The Same, On Judicial Inquiries, Book V. A pecuniary penalty was established by the agrarian law which Gaius Cæsar enacted against those who fraudulently removed monuments beyond their proper place, and the boundaries of their land; for it directed that they should pay to the Public Treasury fifty aurei for every boundary mark which they took out or removed, and that an action should be granted to anyone who desired to bring it. 1By another agrarian law, introduced by the Divine Nerva, it is provided that if a male or female slave, without the knowledge of his or her master, commits this offence with malicious intent, he or she shall be punished with death, unless his or her master or mistress prefers to pay the fine. 2Those, also, who change the appearance of the place in order to render the location of the boundaries obscure, as by making a shrub out of a tree; or plowed land out of a forest; or who do anything else of this kind, shall be punished in accordance with their character and their rank, and the violence with which their acts were committed.