Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLVII20,
Stellionatus
Liber quadragesimus septimus
XX.

Stellionatus

(Concerning Stellionatus.)

1Pa­pi­nia­nus li­bro pri­mo re­spon­so­rum. Ac­tio stel­lio­na­tus ne­que pu­bli­cis iu­di­ciis ne­que pri­va­tis ac­tio­ni­bus con­ti­ne­tur.

1Papinianus, Opinions, Book I. The action of Stellionatus is not included in public prosecutions or in private actions.

2Ul­pia­nus li­bro oc­ta­vo ad Sa­binum. Stel­lio­na­tus iu­di­cium fa­mo­sum qui­dem non est, sed co­er­ci­tio­nem ex­tra­or­di­na­riam ha­bet.

2Ulpianus, On Sabinus, Book VIII. A judgment for this offence does not brand anyone with infamy, but it is followed by extraordinary punishment.

3Idem li­bro oc­ta­vo de of­fi­cio pro­con­su­lis. Stel­lio­na­tus ac­cu­sa­tio ad prae­si­dis co­gni­tio­nem spec­tat. 1Stel­lio­na­tum au­tem ob­ici pos­se his, qui do­lo quid fe­ce­runt, scien­dum est, sci­li­cet si aliud cri­men non sit quod ob­icia­tur: quod enim in pri­va­tis iu­di­ciis est de do­lo ac­tio, hoc in cri­mi­ni­bus stel­lio­na­tus per­se­cu­tio. ubi­cum­que igi­tur ti­tu­lus cri­mi­nis de­fi­cit, il­lic stel­lio­na­tus ob­icie­mus. ma­xi­me au­tem in his lo­cum ha­bet: si quis for­te rem alii ob­li­ga­tam dis­si­mu­la­ta ob­li­ga­tio­ne per cal­li­di­ta­tem alii dis­tra­xe­rit vel per­mu­ta­ve­rit vel in so­lu­tum de­de­rit: nam hae om­nes spe­cies stel­lio­na­tum con­ti­nent. sed et si quis mer­ces sup­po­sue­rit vel ob­li­ga­tas aver­te­rit vel si cor­ru­pe­rit, ae­que stel­lio­na­tus reus erit. item si quis im­pos­tu­ram fe­ce­rit vel col­lu­sio­nem in ne­cem al­te­rius, stel­lio­na­tus pot­erit pos­tu­la­ri. et ut ge­ne­ra­li­ter di­xe­rim, de­fi­cien­te ti­tu­lo cri­mi­nis hoc cri­men lo­cum ha­bet, nec est opus spe­cies enu­me­ra­re. 2Poe­na au­tem stel­lio­na­tus nul­la le­gi­ti­ma est, cum nec le­gi­ti­mum cri­men sit. so­lent au­tem ex hoc ex­tra or­di­nem plec­ti, dum­mo­do non de­beat opus me­tal­li haec poe­na in ple­beis egre­di. in his au­tem, qui sunt in ali­quo ho­no­re po­si­ti, ad tem­pus rele­ga­tio vel ab or­di­ne mo­tio re­mit­ten­da est. 3Qui mer­ces sup­pres­sit, spe­cia­li­ter hoc cri­mi­ne pos­tu­la­ri pot­est.

3The Same, On the Duties of Proconsul, Book III. The accusation of Stellionatus comes within the jurisdiction of the Governor. 1It must be remembered that those who have committed any fraudulent act can be prosecuted for this crime, that is to say, if there is no other of which they can be accused, for what in private law gives rise to an action for fraud is the basis for a criminal prosecution in an accusation of Stellionatus. Hence, whenever where the offence lacks a name, we designate it Stellionatus. Especially, however, does this apply to anyone who exchanges or gives property in payment through deceit, where the property has been encumbered to another, and he conceals the fact; for all instances of this kind include stellionatus. And, where anyone has substituted some article for another; or has put aside goods which he was obliged to deliver, or has spoiled them, he is also liable for this offence. Likewise, if anyone has been guilty of imposture, or has been in collusion to bring about the death of another, he can be prosecuted for Stellionatus. And, generally speaking, I should say that where the name of any crime is wanting, an accusation for this offence can be brought, but it is not necessary to enumerate the different instances. 2No punishment, however, is legally prescribed for Stellionatus, since, under the law, it is not a crime. It is, however, customary for it to be punished arbitrarily, provided that, in the case of plebeians, the penalty inflicted is not more severe than that of condemnation to the mines. But, in the case of those who occupy a higher position, the sentence of temporary exile, or expulsion from their order should be imposed. 3Anyone who has fraudulently concealed merchandise can be specially prosecuted for this crime.

4Mo­des­ti­nus li­bro ter­tio de poe­nis. De per­iu­rio, si sua pi­g­no­ra es­se quis in in­stru­men­to iu­ra­vit, cri­men stel­lio­na­tus fit, et id­eo ad tem­pus ex­ulat.

4Modestinus, On Punishments, Book III. When anyone swears in a written instrument that property pledged belongs to him, thereby committing perjury, it becomes Stellionatus, and therefore the culprit should be sent into temporary exile.