Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XLII7,
De curatore bonis dando
Liber quadragesimus secundus
VII.

De curatore bonis dando

(Concerning the Appointment of a Curator of Property.)

1Pau­lus li­bro quin­qua­gen­si­mo sep­ti­mo ad edic­tum. Si quis sub con­di­cio­ne he­res in­sti­tu­tus est, co­gen­dus est con­di­cio­ni pa­re­re, si pot­est, aut, si re­spon­de­rit se non ad­itu­rum, et­iam­si con­di­cio ex­ti­te­rit, ven­den­da erunt bo­na de­func­ti. 1Quod si ni­hil fa­ce­re pot­est, cu­ra­tor bo­nis con­sti­tuen­dus erit aut bo­na ven­den­da. 2Sed si gra­ve aes alie­num sit, quod ex poe­na cres­cat, per cu­ra­to­rem sol­ven­dum aes alie­num, sic­uti cum ven­ter in pos­ses­sio­ne sit aut pu­pil­lus he­res tu­to­rem non ha­beat, de­cer­ni so­let.

1Paulus, On the Edict, Book LVII. Where an heir is appointed under a condition, he should be forced to comply with it, if he can do so; but if he says that he will not accept the estate, even if the condition is fulfilled, the property of the deceased must be sold by his creditors. 1If, however, the heir can do nothing, a curator of the estate should be appointed, or the property sold. 2If there is a considerable amount of indebtedness due from the estate, which may be increased by the addition of a penalty, the debts should be paid by the curator; just as is usually done when a pregnant woman is placed in possession in the name of her unborn child, or the heir is a minor who has no guardian.

2Ul­pia­nus li­bro se­xa­gen­si­mo quin­to ad edic­tum. De cu­ra­to­re con­sti­tuen­do hoc iu­re uti­mur, ut prae­tor ad­ea­tur is­que cu­ra­to­rem cu­ra­to­res­que con­sti­tuat ex con­sen­su ma­io­ris par­tis cre­di­to­rum, vel prae­ses pro­vin­ciae, si bo­na dis­tra­hen­da in pro­vin­cia sunt: 1Quae­que per eum eos­ve, qui ita crea­tus crea­ti­ve es­sent, ac­ta fac­ta ges­ta­que sunt, ra­ta ha­be­bun­tur: eis­que ac­tio­nes et in eos uti­les com­pe­tunt: et si quem cu­ra­to­res mit­te­rent ad agen­dum vel de­fen­den­dum, uti ius es­set: nec ab eo sa­tis, ne­que de ra­to ne­que iu­di­ca­tum sol­vi, no­mi­ne eius cu­ius bo­na ven­eant ex­ige­tur, sed no­mi­ne ip­sius cu­ra­to­ris qui eum mi­sit. 2Si plu­res au­tem con­sti­tuan­tur cu­ra­to­res, Cel­sus ait in so­li­dum eos et age­re et con­ve­ni­ri, non pro por­tio­ni­bus. quod si per re­gio­nes fue­rint con­sti­tu­ti cu­ra­to­res, unus for­te rei Ita­li­cae, alius in pro­vin­cia, pu­to re­gio­nes eos suas con­ser­va­re de­be­re. 3Quae­ri­tur, an in­vi­tus cu­ra­tor fie­ri pot­est: et Cas­sius scri­bit ne­mi­nem in­vi­tum co­gen­dum fie­ri bo­no­rum cu­ra­to­rem, quod ve­rius est. vo­lun­ta­rius ita­que quae­ren­dus est, ni­si et mag­na ne­ces­si­ta­te et im­pe­ra­to­ris ar­bi­trio hoc pro­ce­dat, ut et in­vi­tus crea­re­tur. 4Nec om­ni­mo­do cre­di­to­rem es­se opor­tet eum, qui cu­ra­tor con­sti­tui­tur, sed pos­sunt et non cre­di­to­res. 5Si tres cu­ra­to­res fue­rint et unus ex his ni­hil at­ti­ge­rit, an in eum, qui ni­hil teti­git, ac­tio dan­da est? et Cas­sius ex­is­ti­mat mo­dum ac­to­ri non de­be­re con­sti­tui pos­se­que eum cum quo vult ex­per­i­ri. pu­to Cas­sii sen­ten­tiam ve­rio­rem: spec­tan­dum enim, quid red­ac­tum est, non quid ad cu­ra­to­rem unum per­ve­ne­rit, et ita uti­mur, ni­si in­vi­tus fac­tus est: nam si ita est, di­cen­dum non eum con­ve­nien­dum.

2Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book LXV. In the appointment of a curator, it is our practice to apply to the Prætor, in order that he may appoint one or more curators with the consent of the majority of the creditors, or to the Governor of the province, if the property is to be sold therein. 1Anything which may have been done or performed by the curator or curators appointed, that is, any acts or deeds, or any business which has been transacted, should be ratified. They are entitled to actions against others, and prætorian actions will lie against them. If the curators appoint anyone to bring a suit, or defend one, as the case may be, the security exacted from him with reference to the ratification of his acts, or the payment of the judgment, shall not be taken in the name of him whose property is sold, but in that of the curator himself, who appointed him. 2But where several curators are appointed, Celsus says that they must sue and be sued together, and not separately. If, however, the said curators are appointed for different districts, one, for instance, for property in Italy, and another for property in a province, I think that they will have control over their respective districts. 3The question arises whether a curator can be appointed against his will. Cassius says that no one can be compelled to become a curator of property against his consent, which is correct. Therefore, one must be found who is willing, unless imperative necessity exists; and the authority of the Emperor must be invoked for a curator to be appointed against his will. 4It is not absolutely essential that the person appointed curator should be a creditor; but those who are not creditors can be appointed. 5If there are three curators, and one of them did not transact any business relating to his office, can an action be granted against him? Cassius thinks that no restriction should be imposed upon a plaintiff under such circumstances, and that any one creditor, who desires to do so, can institute proceedings against him. I think that the opinion of Cassius is perfectly correct, and that what has been obtained from the estate, and not what has come into the hands of one of the curators, should be taken into consideration. This is our practice, unless the curator was appointed against his consent; for, if this is the case, it must be held that an action should not be brought against him.

3Cel­sus li­bro vi­cen­si­mo quar­to di­ges­to­rum. Si plu­res eius­dem bo­no­rum cu­ra­to­res fac­ti sunt, in quem eo­rum vult ac­tor, in so­li­dum ei da­tur ac­tio tam quam qui­vis eo­rum in so­li­dum aget.

3Celsus, Digest, Book XXIV. Where several curators are appointed for the property of the same person, an action to recover the entire amount will be granted against any one of them that the plaintiff may select; just as each one of them can sue a debtor of the estate for the entire amount he owes.

4Pa­pi­rius Ius­tus li­bro pri­mo de con­sti­tu­tio­ni­bus. Im­pe­ra­to­res An­to­ni­nus et Ve­rus Au­gus­ti re­scrip­se­runt bo­nis per cu­ra­to­rem ex se­na­tus con­sul­to dis­trac­tis nul­lam ac­tio­nem ex an­te ges­to frau­da­to­ri com­pe­te­re.

4Papirius Justus, On the Constitutions, Book I. The Emperors Antoninus and Verus stated in a Rescript that where property has been sold by a curator under the Decree of the Senate, no action would lie against a fraudulent debtor for any act committed before that time.

5Iu­lia­nus li­bro qua­dra­gen­si­mo sep­ti­mo di­ges­to­rum. Si de­bi­tor fo­ro ces­se­rit et cre­di­to­res pri­va­to con­si­lio co­ie­rint et ele­ge­rint unum, per quem bo­na dis­tra­han­tur et por­tio ip­sis, quae ex red­ac­to fie­ret, sol­ve­re­tur, mox ex­sti­te­rit alius, qui se cre­di­to­rem di­cat: nul­lam qui­dem ac­tio­nem ad­ver­sus cu­ra­to­rem ha­be­bit, sed bo­na de­bi­to­ris una cum cu­ra­to­re ven­de­re pot­erit, ita ut, quae a cu­ra­to­re et a cre­di­to­re ex bo­nis con­tra­han­tur, om­ni­bus pro por­tio­ne prae­sta­ren­tur.

5Julianus, Digest, Book XLVII. If a debtor fails in business, and his creditors assemble and select one by whom his property may be sold, the amount due to each one of them to be paid from the proceeds of the sale, and another person afterwards appears, who alleges that he also is a creditor, he will not be entitled to an action against the curator, but he, along with the curator, can sell the property of the debtor, so that whatever is realized from the sale of the property by the curator and the said creditor may be paid to all the creditors in proportion to their claims.