Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. XXXVII13,
De bonorum possessione ex testamento militis
Liber trigesimus septimus
XIII.

De bonorum possessione ex testamento militis

(Concerning Prætorian Possession of an Estate in the Case of the Will of a Soldier.)

1Ul­pia­nus li­bro qua­dra­gen­si­mo quin­to ad edic­tum. Non du­bium est, quin de­beant ra­tae vo­lun­ta­tes es­se eo­rum, qui in hos­ti­co­lo su­pre­ma iu­di­cia sua quo­quo mo­do or­di­nas­sent ibi­dem­que diem suum ob­is­sent. quam­quam enim di­stet con­di­cio mi­li­tum ab his per­so­nis con­sti­tu­tio­nes prin­ci­pa­les se­pa­rent, ta­men qui in pro­cinc­tu ver­san­tur cum ea­dem pe­ri­cu­la ex­pe­rian­tur, iu­ra quo­que ea­dem me­ri­to si­bi vin­di­cant. om­nes igi­tur om­ni­no, qui eius sunt con­di­cio­nis, ut iu­re mi­li­ta­ri tes­ta­ri non pos­sint, si in hos­ti­co­lo de­pre­hen­dan­tur et il­lic de­ce­dant, quo­mo­do ve­lint et quo­mo­do pos­sint, tes­ta­bun­tur, si­ve prae­ses quis sit pro­vin­ciae si­ve le­ga­tus si­ve quis alius, qui iu­re mi­li­ta­ri tes­ta­ri non pot­est. 1Item na­uar­chos et trie­rar­chos clas­sium iu­re mi­li­ta­ri pos­se tes­ta­ri nul­la du­bi­ta­tio est. in clas­si­bus om­nes re­mi­ges et nau­tae mi­li­tes sunt. item vi­gi­les mi­li­tes sunt et iu­re mi­li­ta­ri eos tes­ta­ri pos­se nul­la du­bi­ta­tio est. 2Si quis mi­li­tum ex alio nu­me­ro trans­la­tus sit in alium, quam­vis et hinc sit ex­emp­tus et il­lo non­dum per­ve­ne­rit, ta­men pot­erit iu­re mi­li­ta­ri tes­ta­ri: est enim mi­les, quam­vis in nu­me­ris non sit.

1Ulpianus, On the Edict, Book XLV. There is no doubt that the wishes of those who make their last wills while in arms against the enemy, no matter in what way they may do so, and who die while in the army, should be observed. For, although the condition of a soldier is different from that of those persons who are privileged by the Imperial Constitutions, still, as men who constantly go into battle are exposed to the same dangers, it is only reasonable that they should claim the same privileges for themselves. Therefore, all who are in such a position that they cannot make wills under military law, if they are found in the train of the army and die there, can execute wills in whatever way they desire, and in whatever way they may be able, whether they are Governors of provinces, Imperial Deputies, or any others who are incapable of testation in accordance with military law. 1Moreover, there is no doubt that the captains of ships and the commanders of triremes can make wills under military law. All the oarsmen and sailors of fleets are considered as soldiers, and also the guards are classed as such; and there is no doubt that all these are capable of testation in accordance with military law. 2If a soldier is transferred from one command to another, even though he may have left one and not yet have been enrolled in another, he can, nevertheless, make a will according to military law; for he is still a soldier, although he may not yet have been assigned to any particular legion.