Corpus iurisprudentiae Romanae

Repertorium zu den Quellen des römischen Rechts

Digesta Iustiniani Augusti

Recognovit Mommsen (1870) et retractavit Krüger (1928)
Convertit in Anglica lingua Scott (1932)
Dig. I11,
De officio praefecti praetorio
Liber primus
XI.

De officio praefecti praetorio

(Concerning the Office of Prætorian Prefect.)

1Aure­lius Ar­ca­dius Cha­ri­sius ma­gis­ter li­bel­lo­rum li­bro sin­gu­la­ri de of­fi­cio prae­fec­ti prae­to­rio. Bre­vi­ter com­me­mo­ra­re ne­ces­se est, un­de con­sti­tuen­di prae­fec­to­rum prae­to­rio of­fi­cii ori­go ma­na­ve­rit. ad vi­cem ma­gis­tri equi­tum prae­fec­tos prae­to­rio an­ti­qui­tus in­sti­tu­tos es­se a qui­bus­dam scrip­to­ri­bus tra­di­tum est. nam cum apud ve­te­res dic­ta­to­ri­bus ad tem­pus sum­ma po­tes­tas cre­de­re­tur et ma­gis­tros equi­tum si­bi eli­ge­rent, qui ad­so­cia­ti par­ti­ci­pa­les cu­rae ad mi­li­tiae gra­tia se­cun­dam post eos po­tes­ta­tem ge­re­rent: re­gi­men­tis rei pu­bli­cae ad im­pe­ra­to­res per­pe­tuos trans­la­tis ad si­mi­li­tu­di­nem ma­gis­tro­rum equi­tum prae­fec­ti prae­to­rio a prin­ci­pi­bus elec­ti sunt. da­ta est ple­nior eis li­cen­tia ad dis­ci­pli­nae pu­bli­cae emen­da­tio­nem. 1His cu­na­bu­lis prae­fec­to­rum auc­to­ri­tas in­itia­ta in tan­tum me­ruit au­ge­ri, ut ap­pel­la­ri a prae­fec­tis prae­to­rio non pos­sit. nam cum an­te quae­si­tum fuis­set, an li­ce­ret a prae­fec­tis prae­to­rio ap­pel­la­re et iu­re li­ce­ret et ex­ta­rent ex­em­pla eo­rum qui pro­vo­ca­ve­rint: post­ea pu­bli­ce sen­ten­tia prin­ci­pa­li lec­ta ap­pel­lan­di fa­cul­tas in­ter­dic­ta est. cre­di­dit enim prin­ceps eos, qui ob sin­gu­la­rem in­du­striam ex­plo­ra­ta eo­rum fi­de et gra­vi­ta­te ad hu­ius of­fi­cii mag­ni­tu­di­nem ad­hi­ben­tur, non ali­ter iu­di­ca­tu­ros es­se pro sa­pien­tia ac lu­ce dig­ni­ta­tis suae, quam ip­se fo­ret iu­di­ca­tu­rus. 2Sub­ni­xi sunt et­iam alio pri­vi­le­gio prae­fec­ti prae­to­rio, ne a sen­ten­tiis eo­rum mi­no­res ae­ta­te ab aliis ma­gis­tra­ti­bus ni­si ab ip­sis prae­fec­tis prae­to­rio re­sti­tui pos­sint.

1Aurelius Arcadius Charisius, Master of Requests, On the Duties of Prætorian Prefect. It is necessary to state briefly whence the origin of the office of Prætorian Prefect was derived. It has been asserted by some writers that Prætorian Prefects were formerly created instead of Masters of Cavalry; for, as in the time of the ancients the supreme power was occasionally conferred upon dictators, they were accustomed to choose their Masters of Cavalry, who were associated with them in the discharge of their military duties, and held the next rank after them. The government of the republic having been permanently transferred to the Emperors, Prætorian Prefects were chosen by those princes, just as had been done in the case of the Masters of Cavalry, and upon them was conferred greater power for the purpose of promoting public discipline. 1The authority of the Prefects having originated in this manner, it was subsequently increased to such an extent that no appeal can be taken from the decision of a Prætorian Prefect; for when formerly a question arose as to whether an appeal could be taken from the decision of a Prætorian Prefect, which, in fact, was allowed by law, and examples of those who did so are extant; afterwards, by an Imperial Decree publicly promulgated, the right of appeal was forbidden. For the Emperor thought that those who were appointed to this high office on account of their eminent industry, after their discernment and integrity had been established, would render judgment not otherwise than he himself would do, the wisdom and enlightenment attaching to their rank being taken into consideration. 2Prætorian Prefects also enjoyed an additional privilege; for minors could not obtain restitution after condemnation, from any other magistrates than from the Prætorian Prefects themselves.